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practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

warm reactive

A

IgG

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2
Q

detectible at immediate spin

A

IgM

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3
Q

small enough to cross the placenta potentially causing HDFN

A

IgG

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4
Q

best at fixing compliment

A

IgM

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5
Q

first seen in the primary immune response

A

IgM

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6
Q

Which protein in the compliment system is identifiable on the red cell surface after compliment has been activated?

A

C3b

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7
Q

An antigen is expressed on the outside surface of the red cell. What does that mean for the patient gene

A

the patients gene codes for the allele of the specific antigen

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8
Q

True or False: Additive solutions increase the shelf life of red cell products by requiring the removal of plasma from the red cells.

A

false
- not all additive solutions require the removal of plasma

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9
Q

Which grade would you give to an agglutinate that has a single large chunk an several smaller chunks in the tube?

A

3+

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10
Q

Which blood group was named for the scientists who were researching an antibody that caused hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

LW
- Landsteiner weiner were researching it and discorvered LW on accident but named it D, other scientists came and discovered the mistake and named the initial discovered antigen LW
- part of the RhAG complex for stabilization (decreases expression with age)

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11
Q

Which antigen in the Rh system has a significantly different (>20% different) antigen frequency in the Black US population vs the White US population?

A

big C
- black is more likely to have little c (98%) than big c (20%), white is 68% big C though little c is still more common at (80%)

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12
Q

Which genotype would a person have if they inherited RhD and Rhce genes from their mother and RhD and RhCe from their father?

A

R1R0

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13
Q

partial D antigen has a mutation on the ____ of the cell

A

outside

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14
Q

weak D antigen has a mutation on the protein on _____ of the cell

A

inside

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15
Q

A frameshift mutation in the RhD will result in a patient who is:

A

Rh negative
- will still have C/c and E/e but D will not be translated

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16
Q

True or False: a 4 month old baby who is Rh negative is expected to have anti-D in their plasma.

A

false
- anti-D is formed after immunizing event

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17
Q

what serological result is seen when you forgot to add plasma to IAT

A

negatives in AHG

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18
Q

what serological result is seen when you over wash in IAT

A

no button in AHG

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19
Q

what serological result is seen when you under wash in IAT

A

negative in CC phase

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20
Q

which class of Ab reacts best at room temp

A

IgM

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21
Q

IgG Ab are clinically significant for HDN because

A

they can cross the placenta

22
Q

hemolysis is a positive reaction that indicates you have most likely identified antibodies that
- react at AHG
- fix compliment
- cross the placenta
- are immune stimulated

A

fix compliment
- compliment ends in hemolysis

23
Q

which of the following is known as the membrane attack complex in the classical pathway

A

C5b,6,7,8,9

24
Q

as RBCs are stored which of the following increases
- plasma potassium
- 2,3-DPG
- ATP
- pH

A
  • plasma potassium
  • along with lactic acid and hgb as they are released from the cell and metabolism
25
Q

what is the longest length of time that the FDA says red cells can be stored for

A

42
- additive solutions reduce hematocrits allowing less viscosity and easier infusion of packed RBCs while harvesting max plasma

26
Q

when there is a shift to the left hgb affinity for oxygen does what

A

increases
- holds oxygen tighter and does not release into tissues
- 2,3 DPG will decrease as O2 takes its place on the hgb

27
Q

what is the maximum time a sample may be obtained before a transfusion for pretransfusion testing

A

3 days

28
Q

what does AB gene on chrom 9 code for

A

transferase to add either N-acetyl galactosamin (A) or galactose (B)

29
Q

what does H gene code for

A

chrom 19 codes for fucose to be added to precursor substance to form H antigen

30
Q

what does Se code fo

A

chrom 19 codes for fucose addition to precursor substance type 1 to make H substance

31
Q

what is the most common cuase of anti A 3+mf and anti B 4+

A

transfusion
- two populations of cells

32
Q

aquired B antigen is found in which individuals

A

group A persons
- part of N-acetylgalactosamine is cut off to resemble B antigen in infections

33
Q

what subgroup is suspected with anti-B gives 1+mf and anti-AB 1+mf and A1 cell 3+

A

B3
- 3 subgroup = mixed field
- reverse type for subgroups will still show normal reactivity

34
Q

you would use Ulex europeaeus reagent to investigate what

A

potential bombay
- specific for H antigen

35
Q

which blood group has the most amount of H substance

A

O
- O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

36
Q

if the patient with following results was a secretor, what substance would that person have in their secretions:
Anti A: 0
anti B: 4+
A1 cell: 4+
B cell: 0

A
  • B, Leb
  • secretor means terminal fucose is added, if patient has FUT 3 then they will make lewis B
37
Q

the lewis gene codes for a transferase that transfers a sugar onto precursor substance, what is that sugar

A

fucose
- places it in subterminal position

38
Q

a patient has HH, LeLe, sese, A genes. what antigens will be expressed on their red cells

A

A, H, Lea
- Lea since non secretor status means no terminal fucose is added to secretions and no Leb can be formed

39
Q

which antibody reacts with Rhesus baby cells but not rhesus adult cells

A

anti - LW
- expressed in higher amounts in babies and decreases with age

40
Q

a patient has developed multiple Abs to the Rh system. Anti-D, anti-C, anti-E/ how many units are tested to find compatible blood

A

1 Rh negative unit
- Rh negative is most likely to be dce so any Rh neg labelled bag should also be C and E neg (making it dce)

41
Q

which genotype may demonstrate dosage with anti-C

A

R0r’
- C in trans to D has an inhibitory effect
- acts as antithetical pari
- capellini effect

42
Q

which offspring is not possible from a mother who is R1R2 and a father who is R1r

A

R2/R2 (DcE/DcE)

43
Q

an individual has the following Rh phenotype: D+, C-, E+, c+, e-
what is their most likely genotype if they are Asian

A

R2R2 (DcE/DcE)

44
Q

how are weaker than average reactions with anti-D categorized for DONOR cells

A

Rh pos
- a pos reaction is still pos and cannot give Rh pos to Rh neg

45
Q

which op is the weak D test performed in

A

baby
- needs to protect mother from immunizing event

46
Q

which patient would you expect to make anti-D
- pregnant pt w/ D mosaic
- pt who gives weakly reactive D
- pt who has made anti-c
- pt who is immune comp and transfused Rh pos blood

A

pregnant with D mosaic (partial D) -=> forms antigens against full D

47
Q

how is testing for Rh antigens and Ab diff from ABO testing

A
  • ABO ANTIBODIES can be tested at room temp
  • Rh ANTIBODIES need AHG
48
Q

which genotype shows the strongest reaction with anti-D

A

D–/D– (exhalted D)
- D masks CE during transcription and is translated instead and many more times

49
Q

which enhancment colloid works by removal of water to concentrate antibody

A

polyethylene glycol (PEG)

50
Q

which of the coombs tests does not require check cell addition to verify washing

A

gel
- no check cells or wash

blood bank (16 decks)

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