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Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 > Practical Anatomical Exam > Flashcards

Practical Anatomical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does the skull do?

A

Houses + protects the brain

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2
Q

Where is the location of the horizontal wing of the mandible?

A

Lower jaw

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3
Q

What should you note about the horizontal wing of the Mandible?

A

It is BILATERAL
+
Fuses at the mandibular symphysis

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4
Q

What part of the vertebrae contains the Atlas + Axis?

A

C1 + C2, of Cervical vertebrae

C1 = Atlas
C2 = Axis

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5
Q

Where does the Thoracic vertebrae end?

A

At the last rib

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6
Q

State the 5 sections of the vertebrae
+
How many vertebrae are in each

A
  1. Cervical = 7
  2. Thoracic = 13
  3. Lumbar = 7
  4. Sacral = 3
  5. Coccygeal = +/- 20
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7
Q

What should mention about the last rib?

A

T13 = deemed as ‘floating’

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8
Q

What is the proper name given to the vertebrae of the Sternum?

A

The Sternebrae

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9
Q

What is the name of the start of the Sternum/Sternebrae?

A

Manubrium

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10
Q

What is the name of the end of the Sternum/Sternebrae?

A

Xiphoid (process)

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11
Q

What are the Sternebrae made of?

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

What is the proper term used to describe the shoulder blade in dogs and cats?

A

The Spine of the Scapular

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13
Q

Where is the Spine of the Scapular located?
+
How would you palpate it?

A

Lateral + proximal to the part of the Forelimb

+

  1. Find the Acromion (Caudal part of Scapula)
  2. Palpate the middle
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14
Q

Where does the Olecranon process attach?

A

The Ulna

Forelimb

Distal to the Patella

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15
Q

Where does the Patella sit?

A

In the Patellar Groove!

Medial

Hindlimb

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16
Q

What tendon inserts on the Calcaneus?

A

The Calcaneus Tendon

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17
Q

Where is the Calcaneus located?

A

The Hock

Hindlimb

Distal to the Patella

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18
Q

Where are the Wings of the Ileum?

A
  • The ‘hips’
    +
  • At the end of the Lumbar vertebrae
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19
Q

What term should you use to explain the Wings of the Ileum?

A

They are Bilateral !

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20
Q

Where is the Ischium?

A

The Pubis

(The caudal part)

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21
Q

Where is Quadriceps Femoris?

A

The cranial part of the HINDLIMB

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22
Q

How many muscles make up the Quadriceps?
+
Name them!

A

4

+

  1. Rectus Femoris
    (Superficial)
  2. Intermedius Vastus Femoris
  3. Medialis Vastus Femoris
  4. Lateralis Vastus Femoris
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23
Q

What type of muscles are the Quadriceps?
+
How can you palpate them?

A

INTRINSIC

+

You cannot!
Due to other structures such as Fascia covering it!

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24
Q

What directional terms should use when identifying Quadriceps Femoris?

A

CAUDAL to the Sartorius
+
DISTAL to the Gluteal Group

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25
Q

What region do the Epaxial muscles sit?

A

Lumbar

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26
Q

What structure runs in-between the Epaxial muscles?

A

The DORSAL aspect of the Spine

Specifically = mainly Cervical > Thoracic > Lumbar (Ends around Sacral?)

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27
Q

What can the Epaxial muscles be used for?

A

IM injections

28
Q

What is the largest muscle group on the Hindlimb?

A

Biceps Femoris!

29
Q

Where is Biceps Femoris on the dog?

A

The Lateral-distal aspect of the Hindlimb

30
Q

Where does the Gastrocnemius follow up from, on the Hindlimb?

A

From the Calcaneus

Dorsal aspect..

31
Q

What is another word for the Achilles tendon?

A

The Calcaneus tendon!

32
Q

Is the Achilles cranial to the Calcaneus?

A

Yes!

Distal

Hindlimb

33
Q

What are the 2 aspects/directional terms used to describe the FRONT paw called?

A
  1. Dorsal = on top
  2. Palmar = underneath
34
Q

What are the 2 aspects/directional terms used to describe the HIND paw called?

A
  1. Dorsal = on top
  2. Plantar = underneath
35
Q

What fossa does the Femur sit in?

A

The Acetabular fossa

36
Q

What part of the Femur sits in the Acetabular fossa?

A

The Head of the Femur

37
Q

Define ‘Trochanter’ of the Femur

A
  • Trochanter = One of the bony prominences toward the near end of the thighbone (the femur).
  • There are two aspects of the Femur =
    The Greater trochanter + Lesser Trochanter
  • The Greater trochanter is a process on the lateral part of the proximal extremity of femur.
  • It is the attachment for medial, accessory and deep gluteal muscles.
38
Q

What portion of the body is the Trochanter located?

A

Hind
/
Caudal

Limbs

39
Q

What portion of the body is Brachii located?

A

Front
/
Cranial

Limbs

40
Q

Define the term ‘Extrinsic’

A

Superficial

External

41
Q

Define the term ‘Intrinsic’

A

Deep

Within

42
Q

Define the term ‘Protraction’

A

Forwards

43
Q

Define the term ‘Retraction’

A

Backwards

44
Q

Define the term ‘Extensor’

A

Cranial

45
Q

Define the term ‘Flexor’

A

Caudal

46
Q

Define the term ‘Axial’

A

Towards the Axis

47
Q

Define the term ‘Abaxial’

A

Away from the Axis

48
Q

Is the Cephalic vein located in the front or hind limbs?

A

Front

49
Q

Use 2 directional terms to describe the location of the Cephalic vein on the forelimb

A

The
Medial + Distal
aspect of the forelimb

50
Q

State the 4 main uses for the Cephalic vein

A
  1. Introduction of Catheters
  2. Taking blood samples
  3. Injecting IV medications
  4. Injecting sedation for vairous procedures
51
Q

What directional term is important to use when talking about the Jugular veins?

A

You guessed it, they’re Bilateral!

52
Q

What veins sit eitherside of the trachea, bilaterally?

A

The Jugular veins

53
Q

What inlet do the Jugular veins enter?

A

The Thoracic inlet

54
Q

Where are the Saphenous veins located?

A

On the DISTAL aspect of the hindlimbs, LATERALLY

55
Q

If you feel down the armpit, into the medial part of the forelimb, what major artery should be found here?

A

The Brachial artery!

Distal

Medial

56
Q

Why should you not administer an IM injection into the Saphenous vein?

A

Because the Sciatic nerve runs straight behind it

57
Q

What bone does the Sciatic nerve run across the length of?

A

The femur

58
Q

What lateral vein can be used for blood sampling in the hindlimb?

A

The lateral saphenous vein

59
Q

Where can the lateral saphenous vein be easily palpated?

A

Lateral aspect of the hock

Remember = Hock = Calcaneous

60
Q

What is the Dorsal Pedal artery most commonly used for?

A

Blood sampling

61
Q

If you’re finding it difficult to collect a sample from the dorsal pedal artery, especially in small dogs + cats, what other site could you use?

A

The femoral artery

62
Q

Where can you easily palpate the Dorsal Pedal artery?

A

Just distal to the Hock (Tarsus)
+
between the 2nd + 3rd metatarsal bones

HINDLIMB

63
Q

Where can you easily palpate the Femoral artery?

A

On the medial aspect of the thigh
+
Ventral to the inguinal region
+
Proximal to the stifle

64
Q

Why are the Jugular veins more preffered over other peripheral veins, for venous blood sampling?

A

Because it minimizes the potential for cell damage, in comparison to the other peripheral veins

65
Q

What 3 veins are preffered for venous sampling?

A
  1. Jugular vein
  2. Cephalic vein
  3. Lateral saphenous vein

Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 (26 decks)

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