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Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

The chemical messengers sent out by the organs of the endocrine system are:
a. glucose
b. enzymes
c. hormones
d. nerve impulses

A

c.
hormones

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2
Q

Which of the following statements about endocrine glands is false?

a. they may be controlled by levels of chemicals or other hormones in the blood
b. they secrete hormones directly into their target organs by means of a duct
c. they secrete hormones that are designed to specifically affect the target organ and no other
d. they secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

b.
they secrete hormones directly into their target organs by means of a duct

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3
Q

Which of the following are classed as endocrine glands?
a. ovary
b. pancreas
c. thyroid gland
d. all of the above

A

d.
all of the above

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4
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
a. ACTH
b. TSH
c. ADH
d. FSH

A

c.
ADH

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5
Q

Which of the following hormones has an effect on the kidney?
a. ADH
b. oxytocin
c. TSH
d. calcitonin

A

a.
ADH

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6
Q

Which of the following is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?
a. aldosterone
b. cortisol
c. oestrogen
d. adrenaline

A

d.
adrenaline

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7
Q

When an animal is very frightened and likely to attack you, which of the following is happening inside the animal?
a. salivary secretion increases so the animal dribbles
b. blood glucose levels rise
c. respiratory rate slows down
d. levels of cortisol and corticosterone in the blood decrease

A

b.
blood glucose levels rise

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8
Q

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and bilateral symmetrical alopecia are symptoms of:
a. diabetes mellitus
b. diabetes insipidus
c. Addison’s disease
d. Cushing’s disease

A

d.
Cushing’s disease

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9
Q

Testosterone is secreted by which cells? a. islets of Langerhans
b. Sertoli cells
c. Brunner’s glands
d. cells of Leydig

A

d.
cells of Leydig

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10
Q

Hypoglycaemia or lowered blood glucose will stimulate the secretion of which pancreatic hormone?
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. antidiuretic hormone
d. somatostatin

A

a.
glucagon

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11
Q

Short Answer

List the hormones that are excreted by the pituitary gland

A
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12
Q

Short Answer

Describe the cause and clinical signs of the following conditions:
i. Addison’s disease
ii. pyometra
iii. diabetes insipidus

A
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13
Q

What system does the Endocrine system work alongside?

A

Nervous system

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14
Q

What is another name for an endocrine gland?

A

A ductless gland

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15
Q

What do endocrine/ductless glands secrete?

A

Secrete chemical messengers, known as hormones

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16
Q

Where do ductless glands secrete?

A

Into the surrounding tissues or into the blood to be carried to their target organs

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17
Q

How are hormones carried around the body?

A

In the blood

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18
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Glands which produce secretions into ducts
+
Lie close to their effector organs

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19
Q

What are the 5 types of substances that exocrine glands can secrete?

A
  1. Sweat
  2. Tears
  3. Saliva
  4. Milk
  5. Digestive juices
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20
Q

Name 3 types of hormones

A
  • Steroids
  • Proteins
  • Amines (Amino acids)
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21
Q

What are the main/general purpose of hormones?

A

To REGULATE the ACTIVITY of their target organ
that RESPONDS to that particular hormone!!

All other organs are unaffected

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22
Q

What works faster, the Nervous system or the Endocrine system?

A

Nervous system

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22
Q

What is the difference, despite the response time, between the Nervous + Endocrine system?

A

The Endocrine system has a longer, lasting affect
+
Compliments the Nervous system response

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22
Q

What triggers the secretion/release of a hormone?

A

A specific stimulus

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23
Q

Name the 7 ENDOCRINE gland of the body?

A
  1. Pituitary gland
  2. Thyroid gland
  3. Parathyroid gland
  4. Pancreas
  5. Ovaries
  6. Testes
  7. Adrenal gland
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23
Q

State the 4 types of specific stimuli that can stimiuli secretion

A
  1. Nervous impulses
  2. A stimulating/releasing hormone
  3. Chemical levels within the blood
  4. Feedback loops
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23
Q

Give an example of a hormone that responds to nervous impulse

A

Adrenaline
(Epinephrine)

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23
Q

Where is Adrenaline released from?

A

The Adrenal Medulla

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24
Q
A
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24
Q

Give an example of a hormone that responds to a ‘releasing’ hormone

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)

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24
Q

What stimulates the secretion of Epinephrine?

Epi = surrounding
‘Neph’ = nephron !!

A

Nerve impulses from the
SNS
(Sympathetic Nervous System)

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25
Q

Where is TSH produced?

A

Anterior Pituitary gland

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25
Q

What does TSH activate?

A

The Thyroid gland

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26
Q

Give an example of a hormone that can be stimulated by the release of some hormones?
+
What is it responding to?

A

Insulin
+
Raised blood glucose levels

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27
Q

What endocrine gland secretes Insulin, when stimulated?

A

The Pancreas

27
Q

How do feedback loops stimulate the release of certain hormones?

A

Feedback loops prevent oversecretion + reduce secretion, once the desired affect has taken place

28
Q

Give an example of a hormone that responds to the stimulus of feedback loops

A

Oestrogen

29
Q

Where is oestrogen secreted from?

A

The ovarian follicles

30
Q

What is the hormone called that, once Oestrogen has been released, prevents further secretion of that hormone?

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)

31
Q

Where is FSH secreted from?

A

The Anterior Pitutary gland

32
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Prevents further follicular development

32
Q

What organs

A
32
Q

Can hormones be secreted by non-endocrine glands?

A

Yes

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Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 (26 decks)

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