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Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 > Muscles (Inc.forelimb + hindlimb) > Flashcards

Muscles (Inc.forelimb + hindlimb) Flashcards

1
Q

The contractile protein that makes up the thin filaments of a muscle fibre is:
a. actin
b. elastin
c. collagen
d. myosin

A

a.
actin

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2
Q

Short Answer

List the different types of muscle tissue in the body,giving examples of where you might find them

A
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3
Q

What is the unit of contraction in a muscle called?
a. motor unit
b. sarcomere
c. origin
d. insertion

A

b.
sarcomere

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4
Q

Which of the following muscles protracts the forelimb and bends the neck laterally?
a. brachialis
b. biceps brachii
c. brachiocephalicus
d. biceps femoris

A

c.
brachiocephalicus

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5
Q

Which muscle inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible?
a. temporalis
b. masseter
c. digastricus
d. pterygoid

A

a.
temporalis

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6
Q

Where do the extraocular muscles insert?
a. linea alba
b. optic foramen
c. the orbit
d. the sclera

A

d.
the sclera

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7
Q

Through which of the openings in the diaphragm does the thoracic duct pass?
a. oesophageal hiatus
b. aortic hiatus
c. inguinal ring
d. caval foramen

A

b.
aortic hiatus

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8
Q

Which of the following muscles does not insert on the linea alba?
a. external abdominal oblique
b. transversus abdominis
c. rectus abdominis
d. internal abdominal oblique

A

c.
rectus abdominis

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9
Q

Which muscle inserts on the spine of the scapula?
a. trapezius
b. infraspinatus
c. pectoralis
d. latissimus dorsi

A

a.
trapezius

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10
Q

The patella is found in the tendon of insertion of which muscle?
a. biceps femoris
b. gastrocnemius
c. semitendinosus
d. quadriceps femoris

A

d.
quadriceps femoris

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11
Q

Which muscle flexes the hock?
a. gastrocnemius
b. biceps femoris
c. anterior tibialis
d. pectineus

A

c.
anterior tibialis

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12
Q

Which of the following muscles is not a component of the Achilles tendon?
a. semimembranosus
b. biceps femoris
c. semitendinosus
d. superficial digital flexor

A

a.
semimembranosus

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13
Q

Short Answer

Describe the process of contraction in a striated muscle

A

The contraction of a striated muscle fiber occurs as the sarcomeres
+
linearly arranged within myofibrils
+
shorten as myosin heads pull on
+
the actin filaments

(Calcium causes a shift in the position of the troponin complex on actin filaments, which exposes myosin-binding sites)

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14
Q

Short Answer

What is the difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic muscle?
+
Give examples of both types

A

INTRINSIC muscles are a group of muscles that are located DEEP within structures or are nearest the axial and appendicular skeleton.

  • They are also in one region of the body and alter the position of parts of that region.

Example = When a dog bends its elbow.
* Supraspinatus
* Infraspinatus
* Biceps brachii
* Teres minor

EXTRINSIC muscles are not located deeply but instead are situated SUPERFICIALLY.

  • They run from one body region to another and alter the position of one region in relation to another.
  • They act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs as well as stabilize the scapula.

Example =
* The muscles that attach the foreleg of the dog to the trunk.

  • Like the Brachiocephalicus or Omotransversarius.
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15
Q

Short Answer

State the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris muscle

A

Originates:
* From the Ischial Tuberosity of the Pelvis
+
* Over the Femur + Fibia

Inserts:
* On the Calcaneus of the Tibial Crest
+
* Hock + Patella

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16
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Biceps Femoris muscle?

A
  1. Extends + retracts the Hip
    +
  2. Flexes + extends the Stifle
    +
  3. Extends the Hock
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17
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Biceps Femoris muscle.

A
  1. Sciatic nerves
    +
  2. Caudal Gluteal
    nerves
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18
Q

What group of muscles includes the Biceps Femoris?

A

1/3 of the Hamstring group!

Most LATERAL..

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19
Q

State the origin and insertion of the 4 muscles, that make up the Gluteal Group
+
Their names

A

Names:
1. Superficial Gluteal
1. Middle Gluteal
1. Deep Gluteal
1. Tensor Fascia Lata

Originates:
* Proximally to the Tuber Coxae +
* From the Gluteus Medius

Inserts:
1. Superficial = Femur
1. Middle + Deep = Greater Trochanter of the Femur
1. Tensor Fascia Lata = Over Biceps Femoris + Patella

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20
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Gluteal Group muscles?

A
  1. Extends the Hip Joint
    +
  2. Abducts the thigh
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21
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Gluteal Group muscles

A
  1. Superficial + Middle = Caudal Gluteal nerve
  2. Deep + Tensor Fascia Lata = Cranial Gluteal nerve
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22
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Semi-Imembranous muscle

A

Originates:
* From the Ischial Tuberosity of the Pelvis

Inserts:
* The Femur + Tibia

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23
Q

What group of muscles includes the Semi-Imembranous muscle?

A

2/3 of the Hamstring group!

Most MEDIAL..

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24
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Semi-Imembranous muscle?

A
  1. Extends the Hip
    +
  2. Flexes the Stifle
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25
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Semi-Imembranous muscle.

A

The Sciatic nerve

(Also known as the ‘Ischiadic nerve’)

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26
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Semi-Tendinosus muscle

A

Originates:
* From the Ischial Tuberosity of the Pelvis

Inserts:
* On the Tibia + Calcaneus

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27
Q

What group of muscles includes the Semi-Tendinosus muscle?

A

3/3 of the Hamstring group!

Most ..

28
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Semi-Tendinosus muscle?

A
  1. Retracts the Hip
    +
  2. Extends the
    Stifle + Hock
29
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Semi-Tendinosus muscle.

A
  1. Caudal Gluteal nerve
    +
  2. Sciatic nerve
30
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Sartorius muscle

A

Originates:
* On the Cranial border of the Tibia
+
* Gracilis muscle

Inserts:
* Medial side of the Tibia
* + Fascia Iliaca
* + Medial edge of the Tibial Crest

31
Q

What is the function of the Sartorius muscle?

A

Adducts the limb

Known as the ‘Adductor muscle’!

32
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Sartorius muscle.

A

The Femoral nerve

33
Q

Name the group of 3 muscles which governs the muscles beginning with ‘Cleido..’

A

The Brachiocephalicus muscles

34
Q

State the 3 The Brachiocephalicus muscles

A
  1. Cleidobrachialis
  2. Cleidocephalicus
  3. Cleidomastoideus

Remember: Cleidomastoideus = ‘Mastoid process’

35
Q

State the origin and insertion of the 3 Brachiocephalicus muscles

A

Originates:
* Base of the skull
+
* Cervical region

Inserts:
* On the Cranial aspect of the Humerus

36
Q

What is the function of the Brachiocephalicus muscles?

A

To Advance
the forelimb

37
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Brachiocephalicus muscles.

A

Accessory nerve

38
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle

A

Originates:
* On the Cadual aspect of the Thoracic Spine
+
* Lumbar vertebrae

Inserts:
* On the Medial aspect of the Humerus

39
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?

A

To:
1. Retract the Forelimb
+
1. Flexes the Shoulder

40
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Latisimus Dorsi muscle.

A

The Thoraco-dorsal nerve

41
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Epaxial muscles

A

Originates:
Lie Dorsal to the
Transverse Processes of the Vertebrae
(Above the vertebral column)

Inserts:
Cranial Lumbar vertebrae
+
Ribs

42
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Epaxial muscles?

A
  1. Supports the Spine
    +
  2. Extends the Vertebral column
    +
  3. Allow Lateral Flexion
43
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Epaxial muscles

A
  1. Medial
    +
  2. Lateral
    Dorsal branches
    of the
    Thoracic Spinal nerves
44
Q

State the 4 muscles which make up the Quadriceps muscle group

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
    (Superficial)
  2. Intermedius Vastus Femoris
  3. Medialis Vastus Femoris
  4. Lateralis Vastus Femoris
45
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Quadriceps muscles

A

Originates:
* Rectus Femoris = Ilium
+
* Intermedius, Medialis + Lateralis = Proximal aspect of the Femur

Inserts:
* Tibial Tuberosity

46
Q

What is the function of the Quadriceps muscle?

A

Extends the Stifle joint

47
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Quadricep muscles.

A
  1. The Femoral nerve
    +
  2. The Siatic nerve
48
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Originates:
* Caudal-lateral Distal aspect of the Femur

Inserts:
* On the Calcaneus of the Hock

49
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

A
  1. Extends the Hock
    +
  2. Flexes the Stifle
50
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Tibial nerve

51
Q

Name the 4 muscles which are a part of the Triceps Brachii group

A
  1. Long
  2. Lateral
  3. Medial
  4. Accessory
52
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Triceps Brachii muscles

A

Originates:
* Long, Lateral + Medial =
The Caudal border of Scapula
+
Proximal Humerus

  • Accessory = Proximal caudal part of the neck of the humerus

Inserts:
* All on the Olecranon of the Ulna

53
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Triceps Brachii group muscles?

A
  1. Extends the Elbow joint
    +
  2. Flexes the Shoulder
54
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Triceps Brachii muscles.

A

Radial nerve

55
Q

What muscle group are the:
* Clavicular (Cleidobrachial)
* Scapular
+
* Acromial
muscles a part of?

A

The Deltoids!

56
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Deltoid muscles

A

Originates:
* Clavicular = Opalescent Aponeurosis
* Scapular = Scapular Spine
* Acromial = Acromion Process of the Scapular

Inserts:
* Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus

57
Q

What is the function of the Deltoid muscles?

A

Flexes the Shoulder joint

58
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Deltoid Group muscles

A

Axillary nerve

59
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Biceps Brachii muscle

A

Originates:
* Supraglenoid Tubercle of the Scapula

Inserts:
* The Radius + Ulna
(Radial Tuberosity)

60
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Biceps muscle?

A

Flexes the Elbow joint
+
Extends the Shoulder

61
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Briceps Brachii muscle

A

The Musco-cutaneous nerve

62
Q

Name the 2 muscles which make up the Trapezius muscles

A
  1. Cervical Trapezius
    +
  2. Thoracic Trapezius
63
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Trapezius muscles

A

Originates:
Dorsal midline, from C2 > C7

Inserts:
Spine of the Scapula

64
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Trapezius muscles?

A

Draws the leg forwards
+
Protracts the limb

65
Q

State the nerve that innervates the Trapezius muscles.

A

The Accessory nerve

Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 (26 decks)

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