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Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 > Muscles (Inc.forelimb + hindlimb) > Flashcards

Muscles (Inc.forelimb + hindlimb) Flashcards

1
Q

The contractile protein that makes up the thin filaments of a muscle fibre is:
a. actin
b. elastin
c. collagen
d. myosin

A

a.
actin

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2
Q

Short Answer

List the different types of muscle tissue in the body,giving examples of where you might find them

A
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3
Q

What is the unit of contraction in a muscle called?
a. motor unit
b. sarcomere
c. origin
d. insertion

A

b.
sarcomere

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4
Q

Which of the following muscles protracts the forelimb and bends the neck laterally?
a. brachialis
b. biceps brachii
c. brachiocephalicus
d. biceps femoris

A

c.
brachiocephalicus

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5
Q

Which muscle inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible?
a. temporalis
b. masseter
c. digastricus
d. pterygoid

A

a.
temporalis

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6
Q

Where do the extraocular muscles insert?
a. linea alba
b. optic foramen
c. the orbit
d. the sclera

A

d.
the sclera

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7
Q

Through which of the openings in the diaphragm does the thoracic duct pass?
a. oesophageal hiatus
b. aortic hiatus
c. inguinal ring
d. caval foramen

A

b.
aortic hiatus

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8
Q

Which of the following muscles does not insert on the linea alba?
a. external abdominal oblique
b. transversus abdominis
c. rectus abdominis
d. internal abdominal oblique

A

c.
rectus abdominis

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9
Q

Which muscle inserts on the spine of the scapula?
a. trapezius
b. infraspinatus
c. pectoralis
d. latissimus dorsi

A

a.
trapezius

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10
Q

The patella is found in the tendon of insertion of which muscle?
a. biceps femoris
b. gastrocnemius
c. semitendinosus
d. quadriceps femoris

A

d.
quadriceps femoris

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11
Q

Which muscle flexes the hock?
a. gastrocnemius
b. biceps femoris
c. anterior tibialis
d. pectineus

A

c.
anterior tibialis

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12
Q

Which of the following muscles is not a component of the Achilles tendon?
a. semimembranosus
b. biceps femoris
c. semitendinosus
d. superficial digital flexor

A

a.
semimembranosus

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13
Q

Short Answer

Describe the process of contraction in a striated muscle

A

The contraction of a striated muscle fiber occurs as the sarcomeres
+
linearly arranged within myofibrils
+
shorten as myosin heads pull on
+
the actin filaments

(Calcium causes a shift in the position of the troponin complex on actin filaments, which exposes myosin-binding sites)

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14
Q

Short Answer

What is the difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic muscle?
+
Give examples of both types

A

INTRINSIC muscles are a group of muscles that are located DEEP within structures or are nearest the axial and appendicular skeleton.

  • They are also in one region of the body and alter the position of parts of that region.

Example = When a dog bends its elbow.
* Supraspinatus
* Infraspinatus
* Biceps brachii
* Teres minor

EXTRINSIC muscles are not located deeply but instead are situated SUPERFICIALLY.

  • They run from one body region to another and alter the position of one region in relation to another.
  • They act to transfer the weight of the body to the forelimbs as well as stabilize the scapula.

Example =
* The muscles that attach the foreleg of the dog to the trunk.

  • Like the Brachiocephalicus or Omotransversarius.
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15
Q

Short Answer

State the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris muscle

A

Originates:
* From the Ischial Tuberosity of the Pelvis
+
* Over the Femur + Fibia

Inserts:
* On the Calcaneus of the Tibial Crest
+
* Hock + Patella

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16
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Biceps Femoris muscle?

A
  1. Extends + retracts the Hip
    +
  2. Flexes + extends the Stifle
    +
  3. Extends the Hock
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17
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Biceps Femoris muscle.

A
  1. Sciatic nerves
    +
  2. Caudal Gluteal
    nerves
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18
Q

What group of muscles includes the Biceps Femoris?

A

1/3 of the Hamstring group!

Most LATERAL..

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19
Q

State the origin and insertion of the 4 muscles, that make up the Gluteal Group
+
Their names

A

Names:
1. Superficial Gluteal
1. Middle Gluteal
1. Deep Gluteal
1. Tensor Fascia Lata

Originates:
* Proximally to the Tuber Coxae +
* From the Gluteus Medius

Inserts:
1. Superficial = Femur
1. Middle + Deep = Greater Trochanter of the Femur
1. Tensor Fascia Lata = Over Biceps Femoris + Patella

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20
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Gluteal Group muscles?

A
  1. Extends the Hip Joint
    +
  2. Abducts the thigh
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21
Q

State the 2 nerves that innervates the Gluteal Group muscles

A
  1. Superficial + Middle = Caudal Gluteal nerve
  2. Deep + Tensor Fascia Lata = Cranial Gluteal nerve
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22
Q

State the origin and insertion of the Semi-Imembranous muscle

A

Originates:
* From the Ischial Tuberosity of the Pelvis

Inserts:
* The Femur + Tibia

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23
Q

What group of muscles includes the Semi-Imembranous muscle?

A

2/3 of the Hamstring group!

Most MEDIAL..

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24
Q

What are the 2 functions of the Semi-Imembranous muscle?

A
  1. Extends the Hip
    +
  2. Flexes the Stifle
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25
State the nerve that innervates the Semi-Imembranous muscle.
The Sciatic nerve (Also known as the 'Ischiadic nerve')
26
State the origin and insertion of the Semi-Tendinosus muscle
Originates: * From the Ischial Tuberosity of the Pelvis Inserts: * On the Tibia + Calcaneus
27
What group of muscles includes the Semi-Tendinosus muscle?
3/3 of the Hamstring group! | Most ..
28
What are the 2 functions of the Semi-Tendinosus muscle?
1. Retracts the Hip + 1. Extends the Stifle + Hock
29
State the 2 nerves that innervates the Semi-Tendinosus muscle.
1. Caudal Gluteal nerve + 1. Sciatic nerve
30
State the origin and insertion of the Sartorius muscle
Originates: * On the Cranial border of the Tibia + * Gracilis muscle Inserts: * Medial side of the Tibia * + Fascia Iliaca * + Medial edge of the Tibial Crest
31
What is the function of the Sartorius muscle?
Adducts the limb | Known as the 'Adductor muscle'!
32
State the nerve that innervates the Sartorius muscle.
The Femoral nerve
33
Name the group of 3 muscles which governs the muscles beginning with 'Cleido..'
The Brachiocephalicus muscles
34
State the 3 The Brachiocephalicus muscles
1. Cleidobrachialis 1. Cleidocephalicus 1. Cleidomastoideus ## Footnote Remember: Cleidomastoideus = 'Mastoid process'
35
State the origin and insertion of the 3 Brachiocephalicus muscles
Originates: * Base of the skull + * Cervical region Inserts: * On the Cranial aspect of the Humerus
36
What is the function of the Brachiocephalicus muscles?
To Advance the forelimb
37
State the nerve that innervates the Brachiocephalicus muscles.
Accessory nerve
38
State the origin and insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle
Originates: * On the Cadual aspect of the Thoracic Spine + * Lumbar vertebrae Inserts: * On the Medial aspect of the Humerus
39
What are the 2 functions of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
To: 1. Retract the Forelimb + 1. Flexes the Shoulder
40
State the nerve that innervates the Latisimus Dorsi muscle.
The Thoraco-dorsal nerve
41
State the origin and insertion of the Epaxial muscles
Originates: Lie Dorsal to the Transverse Processes of the Vertebrae (Above the vertebral column) Inserts: Cranial Lumbar vertebrae + Ribs
42
What are the 3 functions of the Epaxial muscles?
1. Supports the Spine + 1. Extends the Vertebral column + 1. Allow Lateral Flexion
43
State the 2 nerves that innervates the Epaxial muscles
1. Medial + 1. Lateral Dorsal branches of the Thoracic Spinal nerves
44
State the 4 muscles which make up the Quadriceps muscle group
1. **Rectus** Femoris (Superficial) 1. **Intermedius** Vastus Femoris 1. **Medialis** Vastus Femoris 1. **Lateralis** Vastus Femoris
45
State the origin and insertion of the Quadriceps muscles
Originates: * Rectus Femoris = Ilium + * Intermedius, Medialis + Lateralis = Proximal aspect of the Femur Inserts: * Tibial Tuberosity
46
What is the function of the Quadriceps muscle?
Extends the Stifle joint
47
State the 2 nerves that innervates the Quadricep muscles.
1. The Femoral nerve + 1. The Siatic nerve
48
State the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle
Originates: * Caudal-lateral Distal aspect of the Femur Inserts: * On the Calcaneus of the Hock
49
What are the 2 functions of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
1. Extends the Hock + 1. Flexes the Stifle
50
State the nerve that innervates the Gastrocnemius muscle
Tibial nerve
51
Name the 4 muscles which are a part of the Triceps Brachii group
1. Long 2. Lateral 3. Medial 4. Accessory
52
State the origin and insertion of the Triceps Brachii muscles
Originates: * Long, Lateral + Medial = The Caudal border of Scapula + Proximal Humerus * Accessory = Proximal caudal part of the neck of the humerus Inserts: * All on the Olecranon of the Ulna
53
What are the 2 functions of the Triceps Brachii group muscles?
1. Extends the Elbow joint + 1. Flexes the Shoulder
54
State the nerve that innervates the Triceps Brachii muscles.
Radial nerve
55
What muscle group are the: * Clavicular (Cleidobrachial) * Scapular + * Acromial muscles a part of?
The Deltoids!
56
State the origin and insertion of the Deltoid muscles
Originates: * Clavicular = Opalescent Aponeurosis * Scapular = Scapular Spine * Acromial = Acromion Process of the Scapular Inserts: * Deltoid Tuberosity of the Humerus
57
What is the function of the Deltoid muscles?
Flexes the Shoulder joint
58
State the nerve that innervates the Deltoid Group muscles
Axillary nerve
59
State the origin and insertion of the Biceps Brachii muscle
Originates: * Supraglenoid Tubercle of the Scapula Inserts: * The Radius + Ulna (Radial Tuberosity)
60
What are the 2 functions of the Biceps muscle?
Flexes the Elbow joint + Extends the Shoulder
61
State the nerve that innervates the Briceps Brachii muscle
The Musco-cutaneous nerve
62
Name the 2 muscles which make up the Trapezius muscles
1. Cervical Trapezius + 2. Thoracic Trapezius
63
State the origin and insertion of the Trapezius muscles
Originates: Dorsal midline, from C2 > C7 Inserts: Spine of the Scapula
64
What are the 2 functions of the Trapezius muscles?
Draws the leg forwards + Protracts the limb
65
State the nerve that innervates the Trapezius muscles.
The Accessory nerve

Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 (26 decks)

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