AP Random mix Flashcards
What is an Exon?
The coding region of a gene
What is an Intron?
The non-coding regions between exons
State what is meant be ‘regulatory sequences’
This involves determining when, where + how much protein is made
Define the term inbreeding
Mating 1st degree relatives
i.e. mother + son
Define line breeding
Breeding between closely related individuals
What is meant by X-linked inheritance?
The inheritance of characteristics, determined by the genes present on the X chromosome
What is a protein?
A large molecule, comprimising of one or more chains of amino acids
Define the term polymorphism
The presence of more than one form of specific regions of DNA (alleles) within a species population
Define recessive inheritance
Describes the relationships between alleles of one gene
+
which the effect on the phenotype of one allele is masked by another allele - at the same locus
When are recessive mutations expressed?
When there are 2 copies of the mutation
Define anorexia
Not eating
Define pica
the craving of unnatural ‘foodstuffs’
What are black faeces called?
Melaena
What is blood in urine called?
Haematuria
What does total lung capacity mean?
The total volume of air in the lungs
What does Tidal volume mean?
The volume of ir breathed in or out in one normal breath
What does functional residual volume mean?
The volume of air left in the lungs after one normal breath
What does vital capacity mean?
The maximum volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs
What does residual volume mean?
The volume of air left in the lungs after forced expiration
What does Anatomical dead space mean?
The volume of air which does not reach the alveoli
+
This is equal to the volume of the trachea, bronchi + bronchiholes
Name the 4 majoy body cavities?
- Thorax/Thoracic
- Abdomen/Abdominal
- Pelvic
- Mediastinum
What are the 3 functions of epithelial tissue?
- Provides protection
+ - Absorption
+ - Secretion
What are the 3 components which make up Connective tissue?
- Fibroblasts
- Fibres
- Glycosaminoglycan matrix
What are 2 examples of connective tissue?
- Bone
- Cartilage
What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
What is the function of muscle tissue?
To undergo contractions and relaxation, to aid with locomotion +/movement
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
Found in areas of difussion, like:
Lining blood vessels
+
Alveoli of lungs
+
Glomerular capsule
Describe the structure of simple squamous epithelium
It’s the outer layer of cells
+
Made of a single sheet of very thin + delicate cells
What is the shape of the skull called, of a Borzoi?
Dolciocephalic
What is the shape of the skull called, of a Golden Retriever?
Mesocephalic
Define the term ‘crest’
A raised area of bone
What is a tuberosity?
The area of the tubercle where tendons attach
What is a sinus?
A narrow, hollow cavity
What is a trochanter?
A prominent are of the femur tha tlie behind the head of the femur
What is flexion?
Term used to describe the bending of the limb, by decreasing the angle of the joint
Define pronation
Turning the lower surface of the paw, upwards
What is a splanchnic bone?
A bone that develop within the soft tissues
+
Example = Os penis
What are the 3 membranes that. protect the CNS + retain CSF?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
State the mnemonic for the 12 cranial nerves
Olfactory = Old
Optic = Opie
Oculomotor = Ocassionally
Trochlear = Tries
Trigeminal = Trigonometry
Abducens = And
Facial = Feels
Vestibulo-cochlear = Very
Glosso-pharyngeal = Gloomy
Vagus = Vague
Accessory = And
Hypoglossal = Hypoactive
State the mnemonic for the Sensory, Motor + Mixed (both) 12 cranial nerves
Sensory = Some
Sensory = Say
Motor = Marry
Motor = Money
Both = But
Motor = My
Both = Brother
Sensory = Says
Both = Big
Both = Brains
Motor = Matter
Motor = More
Fun facts..
Approximately how many species of Amphibia are there?
3080
Fun facts..
Approximately how many species of Reptilia are there?
6600
Fun facts..
Approximately how many species of Aves are there?
8500
Fun facts..
Approximately how many species of Fish are there?
30,000
Fun facts..
Approximately how many species of Mammalia are there?
4070
