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Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 > AP Random mix > Flashcards

AP Random mix Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Exon?

A

The coding region of a gene

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2
Q

What is an Intron?

A

The non-coding regions between exons

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3
Q

State what is meant be ‘regulatory sequences’

A

This involves determining when, where + how much protein is made

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4
Q

Define the term inbreeding

A

Mating 1st degree relatives
i.e. mother + son

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5
Q

Define line breeding

A

Breeding between closely related individuals

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6
Q

What is meant by X-linked inheritance?

A

The inheritance of characteristics, determined by the genes present on the X chromosome

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7
Q

What is a protein?

A

A large molecule, comprimising of one or more chains of amino acids

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8
Q

Define the term polymorphism

A

The presence of more than one form of specific regions of DNA (alleles) within a species population

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9
Q

Define recessive inheritance

A

Describes the relationships between alleles of one gene
+
which the effect on the phenotype of one allele is masked by another allele - at the same locus

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10
Q

When are recessive mutations expressed?

A

When there are 2 copies of the mutation

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11
Q

Define anorexia

A

Not eating

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12
Q

Define pica

A

the craving of unnatural ‘foodstuffs’

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13
Q

What are black faeces called?

A

Melaena

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14
Q

What is blood in urine called?

A

Haematuria

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15
Q

What does total lung capacity mean?

A

The total volume of air in the lungs

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16
Q

What does Tidal volume mean?

A

The volume of ir breathed in or out in one normal breath

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17
Q

What does functional residual volume mean?

A

The volume of air left in the lungs after one normal breath

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18
Q

What does vital capacity mean?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs

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19
Q

What does residual volume mean?

A

The volume of air left in the lungs after forced expiration

20
Q

What does Anatomical dead space mean?

A

The volume of air which does not reach the alveoli
+
This is equal to the volume of the trachea, bronchi + bronchiholes

21
Q

Name the 4 majoy body cavities?

A
  1. Thorax/Thoracic
  2. Abdomen/Abdominal
  3. Pelvic
  4. Mediastinum
22
Q

What are the 3 functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Provides protection
    +
  2. Absorption
    +
  3. Secretion
23
Q

What are the 3 components which make up Connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Fibres
  3. Glycosaminoglycan matrix
24
Q

What are 2 examples of connective tissue?

A
  1. Bone
  2. Cartilage
25
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
26
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

To undergo contractions and relaxation, to aid with locomotion +/movement

27
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Found in areas of difussion, like:

Lining blood vessels
+
Alveoli of lungs
+
Glomerular capsule

28
Q

Describe the structure of simple squamous epithelium

A

It’s the outer layer of cells
+
Made of a single sheet of very thin + delicate cells

29
Q

What is the shape of the skull called, of a Borzoi?

A

Dolciocephalic

30
Q

What is the shape of the skull called, of a Golden Retriever?

A

Mesocephalic

31
Q

Define the term ‘crest’

A

A raised area of bone

32
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

The area of the tubercle where tendons attach

33
Q

What is a sinus?

A

A narrow, hollow cavity

34
Q

What is a trochanter?

A

A prominent are of the femur tha tlie behind the head of the femur

35
Q

What is flexion?

A

Term used to describe the bending of the limb, by decreasing the angle of the joint

36
Q

Define pronation

A

Turning the lower surface of the paw, upwards

37
Q

What is a splanchnic bone?

A

A bone that develop within the soft tissues
+
Example = Os penis

38
Q

What are the 3 membranes that. protect the CNS + retain CSF?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
39
Q

State the mnemonic for the 12 cranial nerves

A

Olfactory = Old
Optic = Opie
Oculomotor = Ocassionally
Trochlear = Tries
Trigeminal = Trigonometry
Abducens = And
Facial = Feels
Vestibulo-cochlear = Very
Glosso-pharyngeal = Gloomy
Vagus = Vague
Accessory = And
Hypoglossal = Hypoactive

40
Q

State the mnemonic for the Sensory, Motor + Mixed (both) 12 cranial nerves

A

Sensory = Some
Sensory = Say
Motor = Marry
Motor = Money
Both = But
Motor = My
Both = Brother
Sensory = Says
Both = Big
Both = Brains
Motor = Matter
Motor = More

41
Q

Fun facts..

Approximately how many species of Amphibia are there?

A

3080

42
Q

Fun facts..

Approximately how many species of Reptilia are there?

A

6600

43
Q

Fun facts..

Approximately how many species of Aves are there?

A

8500

44
Q

Fun facts..

Approximately how many species of Fish are there?

A

30,000

45
Q

Fun facts..

Approximately how many species of Mammalia are there?

A

4070

46
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology Yr1 (26 decks)

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