MCQP Flashcards
Define the prefix:
A-
Without; not
Avascular – without a blood supply
Define the prefix:
Ante- (also Pre-)
Before
Anterior – structures at the front of the body; antenatal – before parturition; prepubic – in front of the pubis
Define the prefix:
Anti-
Working against; counteracting
Antibody – neutralises antigens; antiseptic – inhibits growth of bacteria; antihistamine – inhibits the effects of histamine
Define the prefix:
Brady-
Slow
Bradycardia – slow heart rate; bradypnoea – slower than normal breathing
Define the prefix:
Cyto-
A cell
Cytotoxic – something that has a damaging effect on cells (e.g., cytotoxic drugs)
Define the prefix:
Dys-
Difficult; impaired
Dyspnoea – difficulty in breathing; dysplasia – an abnormality of development
Define the prefix:
Endo-
Within
Endometrium – the inner lining of the uterus; endothelium – the layer of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels
Define the prefix:
Epi-
Upon; outside of
Epidermis – the outermost layer of the skin; epiglottis – cartilaginous structure that guards the entrance to the larynx
Define the prefix:
Eryth(ro)-
Red
Red
Erythrocyte – red blood cell; erythema – redness of the skin
Define the prefix:
Hyper-
Excessive; increased
Hypertensive – high blood pressure; hypertrophy – increase in the size of a tissue or organ
Define the prefix:
Hypo-
Decreased; deficient; beneath
Hypothermia – low body temperature; hypodermis – the subcutis that lies beneath the skin
Define the prefix:
Peri-
Around; in the region of
Periosteum – the connective tissue that surrounds a bone; perianal – around the anus
Define the prefix:
Poly-
Many; much
Polyoestrous – having more than one oestrous cycle a year; polyarthritis – inflammation of several joints; polypeptide – a compound containing three or more linked amino acids
Define the prefix:
Post-
After; behind
Postmortem – after death; postoperative – after a surgical operation; posterior – towards the rear
Define the prefix:
Pyo-
Pus
Pyometra – presence of pus in the uterus; pyoderma – bacterial infection of the skin
Define the prefix:
Tachy-
Rapid
Tachycardia – elevated heart rate
Define the suffix:
-aemia
Relates to the blood
Ischaemia – reduced or deficient blood supply; viraemia – the presence of virus particles in the bloodstreamIschaemia – reduced or deficient blood supply; viraemia – the presence of virus particles in the bloodstream
Define the suffix:
-cyte (cyto- is the prefix used)
A cell
Erythrocyte – red blood cell; chondrocyte – cartilage cell; hepatocyte – liver cell
Define the suffix:
-ectomy
Surgical removal of
Thyroidectomy – removal of the thyroid gland
Define the suffix:
-genic
Giving rise to; causing
Pathogenic – causing disease; carcinogenic – causing neoplasia or cancer
Define the suffix:
-ia/-iasis
Condition or state
Hypoplasia – incomplete development of an organ or tissue; distichiasis – presence of a double row of eyelashes
Define the suffix:
-itis
Inflammation
Arthritis – inflammation of a joint; hepatitis – inflammation of the liver; conjunctivitis – inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye
Define the suffix:
-oma
Tumour, neoplasm
Sarcoma – malignant tumour; lipoma – benign tumour of adipose tissue
Define the suffix:
-osis
Disease order or state
Osteochondrosis – a developmental disease of articular cartilage
Define the suffix:
-ostomy
Surgical opening
Tracheostomy – opening into the trachea; colostomy – opening into the colon
Define the root word:
Arthr(o)
Joint; articulation
Arthrodesis – surgical fusion of a joint; arthritis – inflammation of a joint
Define the root word:
Cardi(o)
Heart
Cardiology – the study of the heart and its function; myocardium – muscle layer of the heart
Define the root word:
Chondr(o)
Cartilage
Chondrocyte – cartilage cell; perichondrium – membrane that covers cartilage
Define the root word:
Cyst(o)
Bladder
Cystotomy – incision into the bladder; cystitis – inflammation of the urinary bladder
Define the root word:
Derm(ato)
Skin
Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin
Define the root word:
Gloss(o) (also lingual)
Tongue
Hypoglossal – situated below the tongue (also sublingual)
Define the root word:
Haem(ato/o)
Blood
Haematemesis – vomiting blood; haemorrhage – the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel
Define the root word:
Hepat(o)
Liver
Hepatocyte – liver cell; hepatic artery – artery that supplies blood to the liver
Define the root word:
Hist(io/o)
Tissue
Histology – the study of tissues
Define the root word:
Mamm(o) (also mast(o))
Breast; mammary gland
Mammogram – radiograph of a mammary gland; mastectomy – surgical removal of mammary gland
Define the root word:
Metr(a/o)
Uterus
Endometrium – lining of the uterus; metritis – inflammation of the uterus
Define the root word:
My(o)
Muscle
Myositis – inflammation of a voluntary muscle
Define the root word:
Neur(o)
Nerve
Neuralgia – pain in a nerve; neuron – nerve cell
Define the root word:
Ophthalm(o)
Eye
Ophthalmoscope – instrument used to examine the interior of the eye
Define the root word:
Orchi(d)
Testis (testicle)
Orchitis – inflammation of a testis; cryptorchid – having an undescended testicle
Define the root word:
Oste(o)
Bone
Osteomyelitis – inflammation of bone
Define the root word:
Pneum(o)
Air or gas; lung
Pneumonia – inflammation of the lung tissue; pneumothorax – the presence of free air in the thorax
Define the root word:
-pnoea
Respiration; breathing
Apnoea – temporary cessation in breathing
Define the root word:
Ren-
Kidney
Renal artery – the artery that supplies the kidney with blood
Define the root word:
Rhin(o)
Nose
Rhinitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
Define the root word:
Trich(o)
Hair
Trichosis – any disease of, or abnormal growth of hair
Define the root word:
Vas(o)
Vessel; duct
Vascular – pertaining to blood vessels; vasoconstriction – decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel; vasectomy – excision of the vas deferens (deferent duct)
