Poxviridae mycv

Question 1

Largest and most complex of viruses that infect vertebrates,
large enough to be seen under the light microscope.
* ____, ovoid to brick shaped with a complex
morphology.
* Inside is a core structure shaped like a dumb bell, and two accompanying lateral bodies, so named after their location in the virion

Answer 1

Poxviridae
- 200-450nm

Question 2

Virion particle must carry many ____- allow viral messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis to occur in the cytoplasm.

Answer 2

enzymesdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase

Question 3

• Family poxviridae contains two subfamilies
  1
  2

Answer 3

Chordopoxvirinae
Entomopoxvirinae

Question 4

poxviruses of vertebrates

Answer 4

Chordopoxvirinae
a. Orthopoxvirus-Variola, Cowpox, Vaccinia and Monkeypox
b, Molluscipoxvirus-Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

Question 5

Replication of poxviruses is unique among the DNA-containingviruses, in that the entire multiplication cycle takes place within the host cell ___

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

Cytopathology: produce eosinophilic inclusion bodies called ___ and membrane hemagglutinins in infected cells.

Answer 6

Poxviridae
- Guarnieri bodies

Question 7

• Causative agent of Smallpox
• Completely eradicated in ___
• All known stocks are held at two WHO laboratories
  1.
  2
• 2 subtypes of Variola Virus
  1
  2

Answer 7

Variola Virus
- 1980
-* CDC (Atlanta, Georgia)
* State Center of Virology and Biotechnology (Koltsovo, Russia)
- Variola major
- variola minor

Question 8

caused the most severe disease (case fatality rate of
30%), occurred mainly in Asia

Answer 8

• Variola major

Question 9

less severe disease (case fatality rate of 0.1%-2%)

Answer 9

• Variola Minor

Question 10

• MOT: Respiratory droplets, direct skin-toskin contact, fomites
• Incubation period: 7-14 days
• Clinical Manifestation: fever, malaise, rash
  starts from face then downward to trunk
  and extremities
• Recovery: 2-3 weeks
• Complications: __,___,___

Answer 10

Variola Virus
-pneumonia, encephalitis,
death

Question 11

• Vaccination of Variola Virus

Answer 11

live attenuated virus vaccine made from Vaccinia Virus

Question 12

Main reservoir: Rodents (Squirrels and rats)
* Clade I: ___
* Clade II:___
* Clade III: ___
* MOT: Close contact with infected animals/individuals, fomites, transplacental

Answer 12

Monkeypox Virus
- Congo Basin-high mortality rate
- West Africa
- 2022 European/North American outbreak

Question 13

Related to Clade 2
* Sequences similar to 2019-2019 outbreak in Nigeria
* More mutation than expected in DNA genome

Answer 13

cladeIII - 2022 European/North American outbreak

Question 14

• Symptoms: skin rash or mucosal lesions which can lasts 2-4 weeks, fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
• Some people have one or few skin lesions and other have hundreds or more. Lesions may appear anywhere in the body
• Transmission of disease is still possible until all sores have healed and a new layer of skin is formed.
• Some people can be asymptomatic

Answer 14

Monkeypox Virus

Question 15

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
* Clinical diagnosis can be difficult because other infections and conditions can look similar
* Diagnostic specimen:___,__,__,___
* Detection of ___ and ___ through molecular techniques

Answer 15

Monkeypox Virus
- Skin, fluid, crusts, throat swab/anal swab
- E9L gene and B5R gene

Question 16

• Zoonosis
• lesions are seen on the udder and teats of cows and may be transmitted to humans during milking.
• Lesions in humans usually appear on the __
• Natural reservoir of cowpox seems to be a ___
• ___ used cowpox virus to develop the smallpox vaccine in__ .

Answer 16

Cowpox Virus
- hands or fingers
- rodent
- Edward Jenner
- 1796

Question 17

• Agent used for smallpox vaccination
• Causes mild/asymptomatic disease but can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals
• Mild rash and fever

Answer 17

Vaccinia Virus

Question 18

Incubation period: 1 week to 6 months
* Lesions are small, pink, wart-like tumors
on the face, arms, back, and buttocks are
more frequent in children than in adults.
* MOT: direct contact with an infected
person, sharing contaminated items
* spread to other parts of their body by
touching or scratching a lesion and then
touching their body somewhere elsecalled autoinoculation

Answer 18

Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

Question 19

DIAGNOSIS
* Diagnosis can be done by clinical
appearance of the lesions
*____to visualize virus particles in skin tissue samples
* ___ of genetic material
* Presence of ____

Answer 19

Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
- Electron microscopy
- PCR
- Henderson-Petterson bodies
on keratinocytes__

Question 20

Poxviridae

Answer 20

Variola Virus
Monkeypox Virus
Cowpox Virus
Vaccinia Virus
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus