ARENAVIRIDAE, BUNYAVIRIDAE Flashcards
Enveloped spherical capsid with circular segmented ssRNA (-)
- Infect a variety of mammalian species especially ___ and ___
* MOT: inhalation of aerosols from infected rodent excrement (urine, saliva, feces, nasal secretions), direct contact with infected rodents
* Divided into Old World and New World based on ___ and ___
ARENAVIRIDAE
- rodents and bats
- serotyping and phylogenetic analysis
OLD WORLD
1 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
2 Lassa Fever Virus (first detected in Lassa, Nigeria)
NEW WORLD
- Junin Virus
- Machupo Virus
- Sabia Virus
- Chapare Virus
- Whitewater Arroyo Virus
- Guanarito Virus
- Linked to ___ cases in Europe and the Americas.
- Can be acquired from ___
- Associated with at least____ from infected donors
LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS
- aseptic meningitis
- pet hamsters
- 10 human deaths post-organ transplantation
- Causes ___,___,__ in 5% to 15% of symptomatic patients (80% asymptomatic).
- Responsible for approximately 5,000 deaths annually, primarily in ____
- Symptoms include __,___,__,__,___
LASSA FEVER VIRUS
- hemorrhagic fever, shock, and death
- West Africa
- capillary leak, organ involvement, shock,
respiratory distress, and hemorrhage
Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Junín virus
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Machupo virus:
Causes hemorrhagic fever in Brazil
Sabia virus:
A newer virus that can cause severe illness
Chapare virus:
Can cause illness in humans, though rare
Whitewater Arroyo virus
Causes Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever.
Guanarito virus:
dx of ARENAVIRIDAE
____-based serologic tests.
___ for viral nucleic acid detection.
* Antigen capture ELISA for quantitative detection in ___ and ___ .
*___ is not routinely recommended
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Viral isolation via cell culture
serum and tissue culture supernatants
enveloped viruses with a single stranded-segmented RNA genome. The genome typically consists of
three segments: large (L), medium (M), and small (S).
* Shape: They are generally ___ or __ in shape
BUNYAVIRIDAE
- spherical or pleomorphic
Bunyaviridae is divided into several genera
1
2
3
- Orthobunyavirus:
- Phlebovirus
- Nairovirus
This genus includes many viruses that are
transmitted by arthropods (particularly mosquitoes and ticks) and can cause diseases in humans and animals.
Orthobunyavirus
Includes viruses such as the Rift Valley fever virus,
which can cause significant disease in livestock and humans.
Phlebovirus
Includes the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
virus, which is associated with severe hemorrhagic fever in humans
Nairovirus
Transmission of BUNYAVIRIDAE
* Vector-Borne: Many Bunyaviridae viruses are transmitted by
arthropod vectors, particularly __ and __
* Reservoir Hosts: __ and ___ ____
mosquitoes and ticks
Rodents, birds, and other mammals
Clinical Manifestations of BUNYAVIRIDAE
1
2
3
4
5
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Hemorrhagic symptoms (in severe cases)
- Neurological symptoms (in cases of encephalitis)
Causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. It is transmitted by ticks and through contact with infected animal blood or tissues
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV)
Primarily affects livestock but can cause febrile illness and severe disease in humans. Transmission occurs through mosquito bites or contact with infected animal products.
Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV):
: A mosquito-borne virus that causes encephalitis,
primarily in children in the United States
La Crosse Virus
While primarily associated with the genus
Hantavirus, they are part of the Bunyaviridae family. They can cause__ aand ___ in humans
Hantaviruses
- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)
- Rodent-borne; unlike bunyaviruses, this are not
transmitted by arthropods. - Transmission occurs through inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta (saliva, feces, urine).
- Chronic infection in rodents leads to shedding of the virus.
- Greater risk of inhalation in poorly ventilated indoor spaces.
Hantavirus
- First identified in ___ in the Four Corners area of the
southwestern U.S.__ ___ __ ___ - Initial symptoms: ___ __ __
(incubation period: ___ ). - Progression: Severe symptoms including __,____ and ____
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
- 1993
- (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah)
- headache, fever, body aches
- 11 to 32 days
- hemorrhagic fever, kidney disease, and acute respiratory failure.
Laboratory Diagnosis of BUNYAVIRIDAE
Detection Methods:
* Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) from ___,___,___ or ___
* Hantavirus RNA detectable within __ after symptom onset.
* CDC developed a ___ for detecting conserved genomic L segments during acute illness.
Serologic Assays:
* Detection of hantavirus-__ or __
* ___ is the preferred method for diagnosis.
* All patients typically develop hantavirus-specific IgM by the time symptoms appear, and most also have IgG.
serum, whole blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or tissue
- 3 to 10 days
- pan-hantavirus assay
- specific IgM or IgG antibodies
- ELISA
