ARENAVIRIDAE, BUNYAVIRIDAE

Question 1

Enveloped spherical capsid with circular segmented ssRNA (-)
- Infect a variety of mammalian species especially ___ and ___
* MOT: inhalation of aerosols from infected rodent excrement (urine, saliva, feces, nasal secretions), direct contact with infected rodents
* Divided into Old World and New World based on ___ and ___

Answer 1

ARENAVIRIDAE
- rodents and bats
- serotyping and phylogenetic analysis

Question 2

OLD WORLD

Answer 2

1 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
2 Lassa Fever Virus (first detected in Lassa, Nigeria)

Question 3

NEW WORLD

Answer 3

• Junin Virus
• Machupo Virus
• Sabia Virus
• Chapare Virus
• Whitewater Arroyo Virus
• Guanarito Virus

Question 4

• Linked to ___ cases in Europe and the Americas.
• Can be acquired from ___
• Associated with at least____ from infected donors

Answer 4

LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS
- aseptic meningitis
- pet hamsters
- 10 human deaths post-organ transplantation

Question 5

• Causes ___,___,__ in 5% to 15% of symptomatic patients (80% asymptomatic).
• Responsible for approximately 5,000 deaths annually, primarily in ____
• Symptoms include __,___,__,__,___

Answer 5

LASSA FEVER VIRUS
- hemorrhagic fever, shock, and death
- West Africa
- capillary leak, organ involvement, shock,
respiratory distress, and hemorrhage

Question 6

Argentine hemorrhagic fever

Answer 6

Junín virus

Question 7

Bolivian hemorrhagic fever

Answer 7

Machupo virus:

Question 8

Causes hemorrhagic fever in Brazil

Answer 8

Sabia virus:

Question 9

A newer virus that can cause severe illness

Answer 9

Chapare virus:

Question 10

Can cause illness in humans, though rare

Answer 10

Whitewater Arroyo virus

Question 11

Causes Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever.

Answer 11

Guanarito virus:

Question 12

dx of ARENAVIRIDAE
____-based serologic tests.
___ for viral nucleic acid detection.
* Antigen capture ELISA for quantitative detection in ___ and ___ .
*___ is not routinely recommended

Answer 12

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Viral isolation via cell culture
serum and tissue culture supernatants

Question 13

enveloped viruses with a single stranded-segmented RNA genome. The genome typically consists of
three segments: large (L), medium (M), and small (S).
* Shape: They are generally ___ or __ in shape

Answer 13

BUNYAVIRIDAE
- spherical or pleomorphic

Question 14

Bunyaviridae is divided into several genera
1
2
3

Answer 14

• Orthobunyavirus:
• Phlebovirus
• Nairovirus

Question 15

This genus includes many viruses that are
transmitted by arthropods (particularly mosquitoes and ticks) and can cause diseases in humans and animals.

Answer 15

Orthobunyavirus

Question 16

Includes viruses such as the Rift Valley fever virus,
which can cause significant disease in livestock and humans.

Answer 16

Phlebovirus

Question 17

Includes the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
virus, which is associated with severe hemorrhagic fever in humans

Answer 17

Nairovirus

Question 18

Transmission of BUNYAVIRIDAE
* Vector-Borne: Many Bunyaviridae viruses are transmitted by
arthropod vectors, particularly __ and __
* Reservoir Hosts: __ and ___ ____

Answer 18

mosquitoes and ticks
Rodents, birds, and other mammals

Question 19

Clinical Manifestations of BUNYAVIRIDAE
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 19

• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Hemorrhagic symptoms (in severe cases)
• Neurological symptoms (in cases of encephalitis)

Question 20

Causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. It is transmitted by ticks and through contact with infected animal blood or tissues

Answer 20

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV)

Question 21

Primarily affects livestock but can cause febrile illness and severe disease in humans. Transmission occurs through mosquito bites or contact with infected animal products.

Answer 21

Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV):

Question 22

: A mosquito-borne virus that causes encephalitis,
primarily in children in the United States

Answer 22

La Crosse Virus

Question 23

While primarily associated with the genus
Hantavirus, they are part of the Bunyaviridae family. They can cause__ aand ___ in humans

Answer 23

Hantaviruses
- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

Question 24

• Rodent-borne; unlike bunyaviruses, this are not
  transmitted by arthropods.
• Transmission occurs through inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta (saliva, feces, urine).
• Chronic infection in rodents leads to shedding of the virus.
• Greater risk of inhalation in poorly ventilated indoor spaces.

Answer 24

Hantavirus

Question 25

• First identified in ___ in the Four Corners area of the
  southwestern U.S.__ ___ __ ___
• Initial symptoms: ___ __ __
  (incubation period: ___ ).
• Progression: Severe symptoms including __,____ and ____

Answer 25

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
- 1993
- (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah)
- headache, fever, body aches
- 11 to 32 days
- hemorrhagic fever, kidney disease, and acute respiratory failure.

Question 26

Laboratory Diagnosis of BUNYAVIRIDAE
Detection Methods:
* Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) from ___,___,___ or ___
* Hantavirus RNA detectable within __ after symptom onset.
* CDC developed a ___ for detecting conserved genomic L segments during acute illness.
Serologic Assays:
* Detection of hantavirus-__ or __
* ___ is the preferred method for diagnosis.
* All patients typically develop hantavirus-specific IgM by the time symptoms appear, and most also have IgG.

Answer 26

serum, whole blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or tissue
- 3 to 10 days
- pan-hantavirus assay
- specific IgM or IgG antibodies
- ELISA