Poultry Production Flashcards
What are the broiler industry leading states
- Georgia
- Arkansas
- Alabama
- Mississippi
What are the two main purposes for poultry production
- production of poultry meat
- broiler/fryer industry - production of eggs
- layer industry
What are the egg production leading states
- Iowa
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- California
What are the top country producers
- United States
- China
- Brazil
What is a fowl
Any bird
What is a pullet
A female less that 1 year of age
What is a hen
Female over 1 year of age
What is a cockerel
Male less than one year of age
What is a rooster
Male over 1 year of age
What is a capon
Castrated male
What is a clutch
Group of eggs accumulated by a hen to set to incubate
What is a brood
Group of baby chicks
What is a molt
Annual shedding of feathers-end of laying season-light reflex
Describe the mouth.
They have a beak and a barbed tongue
What does the esophagus or gullet do
Joins the crop.
What does the crop do
A specialized area of the esophagus and it’s job is to store good
What is the proventriculus
Stomach
Describe the gizzard and it’s function
Muscular organ that aids in the grinding of food. Feed gravel that stays I’m gizzard that helps break down food
What is the function of the small intestine
Important for digestion and the absorption of nutrients
What is the function of the ceca
Junction where the small intestine meets the large intestine
What is the Rectum or cloaca
Chamber that is common to the digestive tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract
Describe the ovaries of the female
Hens have two ovaries as they develop then the right disappears. The left stays and develops
What is the oviduct
They have two oviducts as they develop then the right disappears. The left stays and develops
What is the magnum
Produces the egg white or albumen
What is the isthmus
Puts on the shell membrane. Fresh eggs are hard to peel due to the membrane
What is the uterus
Produces the egg shell that is made out of calcium carbonate
What is the function of the vagina
Puts down cuticle that is a protective covering of the egg that protects the shell.
How long does it take to produce an egg
27 hours
Where are the testes and how many to roosters have
They have two testes that are located under the back of the body just under the ribs
What does the epididymis do
- transport
- maturation
- storage
- concentrates sperm
What does the vas deferens do
Serves as transport.
What are the ureters
Tubes that come from the kidneys
What is the cloaca
Reproductive organ
What is the cuticle of the egg
Outside layer that protects the egg from foreign material
What is the shell
Made outbid calcium carbonate
What is the function of the air cell
Allows for exchange of oxygen and CO2
What is the shell membrane
Part of the completed egg
How is the white made and describe it
Made from albumen and there are four different layers
-chalaza- anchors the egg yolk on both end of the egg
What does the yolk do
Serves as a food source for the developing chick
What is the germinal disk
If the egg gets fertilized this is where the embryo develops
what are the characteristics that are looked at externally of the egg
- size
- shape
- shell color
- texture
- uniformity
- cleanliness
What are the characteristics looked at internally of the egg
- air cell
- yolk
- white
- germ cell
- shell
- blood spots
What is automated in layer management
- temperature controlled
- humidity
- feed and water
- floor space
- free range chickens
- sanitation
- light exposure and response
What is managed during incubation
- temperature
- humidity
- egg position
- egg turning
- oxygen
What percent of protein is required for a broiler
20-23%
What percent of protein is required for layers and what other mineral is important
14-16% and calcium
What percent of protein in required for turkeys
14-28%
What disease are common in chickens
- respiratory
- coccidiosis
What parasites are common in chickens
External -Lice (40 species) -Mites Internal -Roundworm -Tapeworms
