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Agriculture Science 100 > Chapter 1 Outline- overview > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Outline- overview Flashcards

0
Q

Meat by products are

A

Glue, medicine, fertilizer, catgut, chemicals, and leather

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1
Q

Live animals are used for

A

Milk, fiber, draft, transportation, sport, work, and pleasure

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2
Q

A 3 oz serving of roast beef has what percent of caloric needs

A

8% of daily caloric needs

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3
Q

Roast beef has what percent of daily protein

A

57%

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4
Q

Roast beef has what percent vitamin B 12 and what is it useful for

A

34% and important for hemoglobin in red blood cells

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5
Q

Roast beef has what percent of daily zinc

A

32%

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6
Q

Roast beef has what percent of niacin

A

18%

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7
Q

Roast beef has what percent of iron and why is it important

A

12% and plays a role with hemoglobin

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8
Q

Roast beef has how many mg of cholesterol?

A

72mg

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9
Q

A generation ago, what was animal science called

A

Animal Husbandry

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10
Q

What are the two differences between animal husbandry and animal science

A
  1. The production of healthy livestock was more an art than a science
  2. Skills were passed down one generation to the next
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11
Q

Livestock producers

A
  1. Usually college educated
  2. Rely on science-based, proven facts
  3. Profit margins are small
  4. Record keeping is essential
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12
Q

Producers have what responsibilities

A
  1. Preserve what is left of our natural resources
  2. Only 2% of the voting public directly involved with agriculture
  3. Producers must constantly defend their use of limited resources
  4. City people are in competition for natural resources.
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13
Q

About how many species of animals are there?

A

1.5 million

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14
Q

What percent of living animals represent all the animals that have ever existed

A

Less than 1%

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15
Q

About how many species of mammals exist today

A

More than 15,000

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16
Q

What kind of relationship do domestic animals and humans have

A

Synergistic reltionship

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17
Q

What do domesticated animals provide humans with

A

Food, fiber, transportation, and draft power

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18
Q

Who and in what year brought horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs

A

Columbus in 1493

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19
Q

Who and in what year brought pigs from Cuba to Florida

A

Hernando de Soto in 1539

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20
Q

Where and in what year were sheep imported

A

Jamestown in 1609

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21
Q

Who and in what year were horses brought over

A

Spanish and 1600

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22
Q

What were the animals imported from Europe used for

A

Milk, butter, and draft

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23
Q

Who helped develop purebred herds in the east

A

George Washington and Thomas Jefferson

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24
Q

Following the American Revolution, where did the livestock move

A

West

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25
Q

What other herds of anima were created by similar movements

A

Cattle, sheep, goats, and horses at missions in the Spanish territory

26
Q

Where were large herds marketed before the civil war

A

To the east for hides and tallow through slaughter points in New Orleans

27
Q

During the civil war, what happened to cattle herds

A

Eastern and Northern markets cut off and cattle multiplied in Texas.

28
Q

What was the cost per head of cattle during the civil war

A

$3.00 to $6.00 in Texas

$30 to $60 in the north and east

29
Q

What did the civil war lead to with the cattle beards

A

Trail drives from Texas to meet railroad lines in Kansas

10 million head of Longhorn

30
Q

How long were cattle drives

A

600-1700 miles

31
Q

What caused the end of the open range

A

Introduction of barbed wire- 1870’s
Indian wars
Killing if buffalo

32
Q

What were the benefits of closing the open range

A

Improvement of animal production, more efficient production.
Using superior sires

33
Q

Which breed of cattle was bred out of existence and what new age was ushered in

A

The longhorn and golden purebred era

34
Q

What was the primary purpose of wool in 1783

A

Clothing from wool of the merinos from Spain

35
Q

What happened to sheep during the civil war

A

Dramatic increase in the price of wool due to limited supply of cotton

Increased production: 1884-50 million
1942- 56 million

36
Q

What are sheep numbers today and where are most sheep located in the US

A

Competition of synthetic fibers and pressure from other meat products have caused a decline to 7 million breeding ewes in 11 western states

37
Q

Hernando De Soto and hogs

A

He brought 13 hogs that increased to 700 three years later
Explored from Florida to Missouri
Razorback swine descendants of these Soto pigs

38
Q

What are the too corn growing areas and hog producing areas

A

TN, KY, OH, CT market their corn through the hogs

39
Q

What happened to the hogs as the West developed

A

Hogs were used on the trail because it was easily smoked, pickled, or otherwise preserved

High energy, high far content for pioneers

40
Q

What caused the production of genuine American breeds

A

New breeds brought in from other countries

41
Q

Who and where were horses first brought to

A

Spanish missionary movement to NM

42
Q

Horses in Jamestown

A

17 saddle horses brought to Jamestown

43
Q

1840- horses

A

Used for workhorse and pulled piggies

44
Q

After the civil war what happened to the horse

A

Trail drives increased with horse use
1867- 7 million
1913- 21 million

45
Q

What happened to horses as the auto and tractor developed

A

1960 Horses numbers fell to 3 million

Re newed interest in recreation, racing increased to 7 million

2005- 9.2 million

46
Q

What are today’s advancements?

A

Splitting embryos, freezing embryos, embryo transfer, cloning, sexing semen

47
Q

Future Advancements include

A

Vaccines and designing animals to fit a specific need or consumer need

48
Q

Domestic animals are used for

A

Good, assist in labor and in war, sport, and companions

49
Q

Why do some nations have enough animals to feed population, but have starving people

A
  1. Religious and cultural boundaries cannot eat these animals
  2. Animal utilize resources that could be used for harvesting other feeds
  3. Many dictatorial nations refuse to allow resources to be used for feeding their own people
  4. Others lack knowledge necessary to produce abundant food supplies
50
Q

Facts about the United States and producing food

A

5% of the world’s population produces more than 20% of the world’s total food.

51
Q

The change in the average US workers’ pay has increased. Name them

A

1950- $1.34/hour
1995- $11.46/hour
2010-$18.50/hour

52
Q

How has the number of people farmers can feed changed

A

1820- 1 farmer fed 4 people
1998- 1 farmer fed 212 people

On ecological basis increase in production efficiency is a plus

We can feed more people with fewer resources

53
Q

What percent of their total income do Europeans spend on food

A

30-65%

54
Q

What percent of their income do American’s spend on food

A

Less than 10%

55
Q

How can we use the optimum amount of natural resources

A
  1. Use both the animals and plants to produce food

2. Use ruminant animals to graze land not suitable for crops

56
Q

What is the increase in domestic per capita consumption if pork

A

Increase from 47.9 to 51.4lbs

2008- 48.9

57
Q

What is the increase per capita if chicken

A

Increase from 73.1 to 77.5

2008- 83.9

58
Q

What is the increase per capita of beef

A

Decrease from 67.2 to 65.6lbs

2008- 64.1

59
Q

What is the increase per capita of turkey

A

Increase from 18.1 to 18.8

2008- 13.9lbs

60
Q

What are consumers concerned about in the nutrition of food

A 
Cholesterol levels 
Fat, sugar, and salt 
Caloric content 
Good additives 
Pesticide and herbicide residues
61
Q

Will there be more or less farms in the future, explain.

A

The total number of farms will decrease in number and in size.

More efficient livestock production yielding a lower per unit cost of production will result

62
Q

What will increase efficiency

A

More automation

  • Increased use of biotechnology
  • Bio friendly alternatives to -herbicides and pesticides
  • Super ovulation
  • Embryo splitting
  • Sex- determined semen
  • Computer- managed livestock facilities

Agriculture Science 100 (12 decks)

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