Chapter 1 Outline- overview Flashcards
Meat by products are
Glue, medicine, fertilizer, catgut, chemicals, and leather
Live animals are used for
Milk, fiber, draft, transportation, sport, work, and pleasure
A 3 oz serving of roast beef has what percent of caloric needs
8% of daily caloric needs
Roast beef has what percent of daily protein
57%
Roast beef has what percent vitamin B 12 and what is it useful for
34% and important for hemoglobin in red blood cells
Roast beef has what percent of daily zinc
32%
Roast beef has what percent of niacin
18%
Roast beef has what percent of iron and why is it important
12% and plays a role with hemoglobin
Roast beef has how many mg of cholesterol?
72mg
A generation ago, what was animal science called
Animal Husbandry
What are the two differences between animal husbandry and animal science
- The production of healthy livestock was more an art than a science
- Skills were passed down one generation to the next
Livestock producers
- Usually college educated
- Rely on science-based, proven facts
- Profit margins are small
- Record keeping is essential
Producers have what responsibilities
- Preserve what is left of our natural resources
- Only 2% of the voting public directly involved with agriculture
- Producers must constantly defend their use of limited resources
- City people are in competition for natural resources.
About how many species of animals are there?
1.5 million
What percent of living animals represent all the animals that have ever existed
Less than 1%
About how many species of mammals exist today
More than 15,000
What kind of relationship do domestic animals and humans have
Synergistic reltionship
What do domesticated animals provide humans with
Food, fiber, transportation, and draft power
Who and in what year brought horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs
Columbus in 1493
Who and in what year brought pigs from Cuba to Florida
Hernando de Soto in 1539
Where and in what year were sheep imported
Jamestown in 1609
Who and in what year were horses brought over
Spanish and 1600
What were the animals imported from Europe used for
Milk, butter, and draft
Who helped develop purebred herds in the east
George Washington and Thomas Jefferson
Following the American Revolution, where did the livestock move
West
What other herds of anima were created by similar movements
Cattle, sheep, goats, and horses at missions in the Spanish territory
Where were large herds marketed before the civil war
To the east for hides and tallow through slaughter points in New Orleans
During the civil war, what happened to cattle herds
Eastern and Northern markets cut off and cattle multiplied in Texas.
What was the cost per head of cattle during the civil war
$3.00 to $6.00 in Texas
$30 to $60 in the north and east
What did the civil war lead to with the cattle beards
Trail drives from Texas to meet railroad lines in Kansas
10 million head of Longhorn
How long were cattle drives
600-1700 miles
What caused the end of the open range
Introduction of barbed wire- 1870’s
Indian wars
Killing if buffalo
What were the benefits of closing the open range
Improvement of animal production, more efficient production.
Using superior sires
Which breed of cattle was bred out of existence and what new age was ushered in
The longhorn and golden purebred era
What was the primary purpose of wool in 1783
Clothing from wool of the merinos from Spain
What happened to sheep during the civil war
Dramatic increase in the price of wool due to limited supply of cotton
Increased production: 1884-50 million
1942- 56 million
What are sheep numbers today and where are most sheep located in the US
Competition of synthetic fibers and pressure from other meat products have caused a decline to 7 million breeding ewes in 11 western states
Hernando De Soto and hogs
He brought 13 hogs that increased to 700 three years later
Explored from Florida to Missouri
Razorback swine descendants of these Soto pigs
What are the too corn growing areas and hog producing areas
TN, KY, OH, CT market their corn through the hogs
What happened to the hogs as the West developed
Hogs were used on the trail because it was easily smoked, pickled, or otherwise preserved
High energy, high far content for pioneers
What caused the production of genuine American breeds
New breeds brought in from other countries
Who and where were horses first brought to
Spanish missionary movement to NM
Horses in Jamestown
17 saddle horses brought to Jamestown
1840- horses
Used for workhorse and pulled piggies
After the civil war what happened to the horse
Trail drives increased with horse use
1867- 7 million
1913- 21 million
What happened to horses as the auto and tractor developed
1960 Horses numbers fell to 3 million
Re newed interest in recreation, racing increased to 7 million
2005- 9.2 million
What are today’s advancements?
Splitting embryos, freezing embryos, embryo transfer, cloning, sexing semen
Future Advancements include
Vaccines and designing animals to fit a specific need or consumer need
Domestic animals are used for
Good, assist in labor and in war, sport, and companions
Why do some nations have enough animals to feed population, but have starving people
- Religious and cultural boundaries cannot eat these animals
- Animal utilize resources that could be used for harvesting other feeds
- Many dictatorial nations refuse to allow resources to be used for feeding their own people
- Others lack knowledge necessary to produce abundant food supplies
Facts about the United States and producing food
5% of the world’s population produces more than 20% of the world’s total food.
The change in the average US workers’ pay has increased. Name them
1950- $1.34/hour
1995- $11.46/hour
2010-$18.50/hour
How has the number of people farmers can feed changed
1820- 1 farmer fed 4 people
1998- 1 farmer fed 212 people
On ecological basis increase in production efficiency is a plus
We can feed more people with fewer resources
What percent of their total income do Europeans spend on food
30-65%
What percent of their income do American’s spend on food
Less than 10%
How can we use the optimum amount of natural resources
- Use both the animals and plants to produce food
2. Use ruminant animals to graze land not suitable for crops
What is the increase in domestic per capita consumption if pork
Increase from 47.9 to 51.4lbs
2008- 48.9
What is the increase per capita if chicken
Increase from 73.1 to 77.5
2008- 83.9
What is the increase per capita of beef
Decrease from 67.2 to 65.6lbs
2008- 64.1
What is the increase per capita of turkey
Increase from 18.1 to 18.8
2008- 13.9lbs
What are consumers concerned about in the nutrition of food
Cholesterol levels Fat, sugar, and salt Caloric content Good additives Pesticide and herbicide residues
Will there be more or less farms in the future, explain.
The total number of farms will decrease in number and in size.
More efficient livestock production yielding a lower per unit cost of production will result
What will increase efficiency
More automation
- Increased use of biotechnology
- Bio friendly alternatives to -herbicides and pesticides
- Super ovulation
- Embryo splitting
- Sex- determined semen
- Computer- managed livestock facilities
