Chapter 9- Swine Industry Flashcards
What are the leading states
- Iowa (25% of all production)
- Illinois
- Missouri
- Michigan
Where is pork produced the most
Midwest where the corn belt is located. North central states lead in production
How many litters can a sow have and how many pounds is it
-2 litters
-10 pigs a litter
20 pigs in total times 200lbs equals 4000lbs a year
What are some differences in reproduction from the bull and cow
- polytocous
- more uterine horn, small uterine body
- average litter 9 to 10 pigs
When does the female hit puberty
4 to 7 months of age
What is the size of the gilt at puberty
150 to 250 lbs
How long is the estrus
1-5 days
How long is estrous
21 days
When do board reach puberty
5 to 8 months
What is the size of the boar when it reaches puberty
175 to 250 lbs
When should a gilt be bred
Third estrus, you get 2-3 extra pigs
When should a sow be bred
12-24 hours after onset of heat
What are the practices used for mating
- hand (single) vs. lot (group)
- put one boar with one sow, allow to breed and then remove the boar
What is flushing and when should it be done
It increases feed to mating of gilts 4 to 5 days before breeding
What is the gestation length
114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days
When is the critical time
30 to 35 days into gestation
What is special about the embryos
- Has separate embryonic fluid
- They function separately without effecting others
How much salt is needed and what are the deficiency symptoms
- most commonly needed mineral
- requires 0.2-0.5% of their ration
- Deficiency Symptoms
- results in depraved appetite
- poor growth
What is phosphorus and calcium needed for and what are deficiency symptoms
-needed for skeletal growth
-balance is critical
Deficiency symptoms
-Lameness
-Paralysis of rear end
-add limestone
What is iodine used for and deficiency symptoms
-needed for: growth, gestation, and lactation
-used by thyroid: to produce thyroid hormones
-regulates body temperature
Deficiency symptoms
-goiter
-loss of hair
-feed iodized salt
What does iron do and what are the deficiency symptoms
-Needed for hemoglobin formation
-prevent anemia: occurs during suckling
-loss of appetite, become weak and inactive
Deficiency symptoms
-baby pig thumps
-accelerated heart beat
How do you prevent iron deficiency
- two injections of iron on day 3 and 21 days of age
- include in rations
What is zinc needed for and what are deficiency symptoms
-needed for proper skin health and growth
Deficiency symptoms
-swine dermatosis
-sloughing of skin
What are the vitamin B’s
- Biotin
- Pantothenic acid
- Thamine
- Niacin
- Riboflavin and vitamin B12
What is biotin and deficiency symptoms
-Needed for growth and nervous system
Deficiency symptom
-loss of hair
-cracks in feet
-dermatosis-sloughing of skinWhat is niacin needed for and what are the deficiency symptoms
Needed for hair growth and skin health
Deficiency symptoms
-slow growth
-pig pellagra (skin lesions)
-nervous and gastrointestinal disordersWhat is Pantothenic acid needed for and what are deficiency symptoms
Needed for proper muscle and nerve function
Deficiency symptoms
-Classic goose stepping gait
-Epileptic like fits
What is riboflavin needed for and what are deficiency symptoms
Needed for growth and reproduction
Deficiency symptoms
-crooked legs
What is Thiamin needed for and what are the deficiency symptoms
Needed for growth, temperature regulation, and heart function
Deficiency symptoms
-low body temperature
-slow pulse rate
What is vitamin B 12 needed for and what are the deficiency symptoms
Needed for growth and nervous system
Deficiency symptoms
-hyper-irritability
-in coordination of the posterior
