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Agriculture Science 100 > Chapter 8-Sheep Production > Flashcards

Chapter 8-Sheep Production Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the class of sheep?

A

Mammalia- suckle their young

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1
Q

What products do sheep produce

A
  1. Wool
  2. Meat
  3. Skins
  4. Milk
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2
Q

What is the sheep family

A

Bovidae- ruminant

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3
Q

What is the genus of sheep

A

Ovis

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4
Q

What is the species of sheep

A

Ovis aries

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5
Q

How are sheep classified

A
  • type of wool
  • meat type
  • color
  • horned or polled
  • adapt ability characteristics
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6
Q

What are the classifications for wool

A
  • fine wool
  • medium wool
  • long wool
  • crossbreed wool
  • hair breed
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7
Q

What does the reproduction of sheep have to do with the success of the industry

A
  • success and profitability of any sheep industry is closely related to level of lamb production
    - production costs are nearly the same if a ewe produces none or several offspring
    - fertility affects productivity
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8
Q

What is the normal breeding season for sheep

A
  • sheep are seasonal breeders

- their offspring are born at the most favorable time for the survival of the young

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9
Q

What is the age of puberty for sheep

A

5 to 12 months

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10
Q

What is an anestrous period

A

A period when ewes do not demonstrate estrus

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11
Q

What is the length between estruses

A

14 to 19 days

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12
Q

What is the duration of estrus

A

20-42 hours

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13
Q

What is the gestation period

A

143-152 days

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14
Q

How does the effect of the environment reproduction

A
  • sexual activity is dependent on the ratio of daylight to dark.
  • frequency of estrus
  • more fertile
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15
Q

What is the ram effect

A

It is the process of keeping a ram close to the ewes for about 10 to 14 days before the breeding season begins

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16
Q

What are the benefits of the ram effect

A
  • Ewes will cycle 2 weeks earlier in August instead of September
  • ewes will have synchronized cycles
  • due to the ram pheromones
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17
Q

What is flushing and what is the benefit

A

Flushing is provinding supplementation of feed two to three weeks before breeding
-increases the number of ovulation which increases the number if lambs born

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18
Q

How many ewes should a well-matured ram lamb mate

A

10-30

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19
Q

How many ewes should a yearling to 5 years mate

A

25-50

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20
Q

How many ewes should a six year to older produce

A

They are suited for hand breeding or pastures only

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21
Q

How does temperature effect reproduction in rams

A

Hot temperatures can reduce fertility

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22
Q

How long does it take for the formation and development of spermatozoa

A

6-7 weeks

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23
Q

When is semen testing recommended

A

-recommended for producer who uses one or two rams

24
Q

Describe ewe management during gestation

A
  • exercise
    • put water at one end of the pasture and feed on the other end
  • feeding
    • supplemental feeding
      • feed concentrate ration last three to four weeks
      • developing fetus gains 2/3 of birth weight the last 6 weeks of gestation
      • ewe should gain 20 to 30 pounds
25
Q

What does inadequate nutrition during the last 6 weeks of pregnant result in

A
  • pregnancy disease
  • lower birth rates
  • weaker lambs
  • infant lamb mortality
  • slower gaining lambs
  • lower milk yields
26
Q

What are the advantages of shearing a sheep before lambing

A
  • shorn ewes seek shelter during poor climate to lamb
  • easier to spot ewes close to lambing and udder problems
  • more ewes in a limited space
  • higher value wool clip is obtained
27
Q

What are disadvantages of shearing before lambing

A
  • a good building is essential for bad weather
  • additional feed is required during cold weather
  • ewes handled roughly too close to lambing early May lamb prematurely
28
Q

How should the lambing quarter be

A
  • should be draft free
  • lambing pens
  • should have about ten ewes to one lambing pen
29
Q

Management during lambing

A
  • make use of lambing jugs
  • watch ewe closely and assist if necessary
  • examine ewes that have been in hard labor for an hour without any progress
30
Q

What causes difficult lambing

A
  • large lamb
  • small pelvic area
  • ewe’s cervix fails to dilate
  • breech birth
  • one or both legs bent back
  • head bent back
  • if he ewe is carrying two or more lambs they may become tangled
31
Q

What happens after the ewe lambs

A
  • place her and her lambs in a lambing pen
  • check the udder to see if colostrum is available and check that udders are open
  • make sure ewe owns her lambs and allows them to nurse
  • help lambs nurse if they are weak or use a stomach tube
  • supply a heat lamp is cold
32
Q

When do labs need colostrum?

A

6 to 12 hours after birth

33
Q

What is colostrum is not available for the lamb

A
  • graft the lamb into another ewe

- feed the lamb artificially

34
Q

What are the methods for grafting

A
  • slime graft
  • wet graft
  • stanchion
  • lamb coat
35
Q

What is a slime graft

A
  • cover the lamb with placental fluids from ewe you plan on grafting lamb to.
  • tie grafted lamb and the ewe’s lamb together
  • untie once both lambs are standing
36
Q

What is the wet graft

A

-soak both lambs in a saturated salt solution and put Vicks vapor rub on the ewe’s nose

37
Q

What is a stanchion

A
  • keep the ewe in a stanchion for 3 to 5 days

- do not clean pen much during that time so lambs will smell like ewe

38
Q

What is the lamb coat

A
  • only to be done if the ewe’s own lamb dies
  • remove pelt of dead lamb as one piece and put on lamb to be grafted
  • remove pelt after ewe claims grafted lamb (3-4 days)
39
Q

What are lambs out on if grafting does not work

A
  • lamb replacer
  • goat’s milk
  • occasionally cow’s milk( less fat)
40
Q

Why are sheep docked

A
  • cleaner
  • breeding and lambing
  • more uniform
  • tail is non-marketable
41
Q

Why are rams castrated

A
  • unwanted pregnancies

- not as marketable is kept as ram

42
Q

When are rams docked

A
  • 14-30 days of age
  • preform both at the same time
  • there is less bleeding and lambs heal more quickly when procedures are done at an early age.
43
Q

When does a ewe reach peak milk production

A
  • four weeks after lambing

- milk production begins to decrease after 4 weeks

44
Q

When are lambs weaned

A

60 to 90 days

45
Q

What is creep feeding

A

Provides supplemental feed for lambs during the nursing period
-only small amounts of feed are consumed until 4 weeks old

46
Q

When should the creep feeder be available

A

7 to 10 days of age

47
Q

What is the slaughter process

A
  • similar to beef
  • pelt is taken off by fisking
    • hands between pelt and carcass
  • split breast bone
  • wash
  • carcass is called lamb are mutton depending on age
48
Q

How long should a carcass cool

A

24 to 72 hours

49
Q

What is the dressing percent

A

46% to 53%

50
Q

What are the wholesale cuts

A
  • same as beef except
    • breast
    • ribs-rack of lamb
51
Q

What are the by-products

A
  • pulled wool skins

- chamois skins

52
Q

What is the total income for fleece

A

30%-40%

53
Q

What percentage of the world’s wool does the us produce

A

10%

54
Q

Talk about shearing.

A
  • March to July
  • use electric clippers
  • black fiber contaminates
  • fleece removed as one piece
55
Q

What are the attributes of wool for grading

A
  • length
  • diameter
  • fineness
  • crimp
  • strength
  • color
  • luster
56
Q

What are the two classes of fabrics and describe them

A

Worsted-not prickly, all fibers go one way, can wear on skin, and most valuable

Woolen-shorter fibers and stick out

57
Q

What is the difference between mutton and lamb

A

Lamb-1 year of age or less
-the break joint is cartilaginous of the cannon bone is not ossified

Mutton-over 1 year of age
-this break joint ossifies with age to become what is called a spool joint.

Agriculture Science 100 (12 decks)

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