Posterior Hip & Thigh Flashcards
The Inguinal Ligament runs from the
anterior superior iliac sine to the pubic tubercle
the sacroiliac joint is formed between the
ilium and sacrum
the sacroiliac joint permits
minimal movement and is designed to transfer force from the pelvis to the sacrum
the femur is the
strongest & longest bone in the body
extreme hip flexion is accompanied by
posterior pelvic tilt
Hip joint degrees of flexion & extension
flexion: 110-120
extension: 10-15
hip joint degrees of abduction & adduction
abduction: 30-50
adduction 25-30
hip joint degrees of internal & external rotation
internal rotation: 40-60
external rotation 30-40
extreme hip extension is accompanied by
anterior pelvic tilt
Collum/inclination angle
the angle between the femoral shaft and the neck
- 125/130* is normal
- larger in tall people
Coxa Valga
increased collum/inclination angle, femoral head is facing superiorly (140*)
Coxa vera
decreased collum/inclination angle, femoral head is facing inferiorly (115*)
Angle of anteversion/femoral torsion
angle that the femoral neck makes with the acetabulum in the transverse plane
- normal = 5-15*
Infants are born with a larger
angle of anteversion/femoral torsion
~30*
Excessive anteversion
femoral torsion or anteversion angle greater than 15*
retroversion
femoral torsion or anteversion angle less than 5*
The hip is a
ball & socket joint
- stability over mobility
- deep socket enclosing the femoral head
- surrounded by many muscles
- reinforced by multiple intrinsic ligaments
Foveal ligament
two bands that originate on the ischial and pubic sides of the acetebular notch on the fovea capitis of the femoral head
Extracapsular ligaments that reinforce the hip joint
- iliofemoral ligament
-pubofemoral ligament
-ischiofemoral ligament
The ligaments that convert the geater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina
- sarcospinous ligament
- sacrotuberous ligament
The sacrotuberous ligament
- fan shaped
- extends from the PSIS/ dorsolateral sacrum & coccyx to the ischial tuberosity
The sacrospinous ligament
- smaller
- attached from the ischial spine to the lateral sacrum & coccyx
Fascia Lata
deep fascia of the thigh
Crural Fascia
deep fascia of the leg
The fascia lata is thick laterally forming the
Iliotibial tract
Common cause of lateral knee pain
iliotibial tract (band) syndrome (ITBS)
- friction of the IT tract against the lateral epicondyle of the femur with flexion/extension
Sacral Plexus
L4-S4, innervates the gluteal region and entire lower limb
Femoral and Obturator nerves arise from
the lumbar plexus (L2-L4)
The lumbosacral plexus nerves exit through
the greater sciatic foramen
Gluteus Maximum OIAI
O: thoracolumbar fascia, gluteal fossa of the iliac wing, sacrotuberous ligament, posterior/inferior sacrum & coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur, ITB
A: external rotation, extension, abduction of the thigh at the hip
I: inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximum & tensor fasciae latae form a
large muscular complex with the Iliotibial tract
Tensor Fascia Latae OIAI
O: ASIS
I: iliotibial tract
A: flexes, internally rotates, abducts the thigh at the hip
I: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Medius OIAI
O: gluteal fossa of the iliac wing
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A: abduction, internal rotation (anterior fibres), external rotation (posterior fibres) of the thigh at the hip
I: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Minimus OIAI
O: gluteal fossa of the iliac wing
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A: internal rotation, abduction of the thigh at the hip
I: Superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis OIAI
O: anterior surface of the sacrum
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A: external rotation, abduction of the thigh at the hip
I: branches of the sacral plexus
Piriformis clinical function
close to superior/inferior gluteal nerve and the pudendal nerve which are detrimental to sexual function
Superior Gemellus OIAI
O: spine of the ischium
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A: external rotation, abduction of the thigh at the hip
I: branches of the sacral plexus
Inferior Gemellus OIAI
O: tuberosity of the ischium
I: greater trochanter of the femur
A: external rotation, abduction of the thigh at the hip
I: branches of the sacral plexus
Obturator Internus OIAI
O: obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter of the femur, trochanteric fossa
A: external rotation of the thigh at the hip
I: branches of the sacral plexus
Quadratus Femoris OIAI
O: tuberosity of the ischium
I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur
A: external rotation, adduction of the thigh at the hip
Biceps Femoris long head OIAI
O: tuberosity of the ischium
I: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia
A: extension of the thigh at the hip, flexes leg at the knee, laterally rotates a fixed leg
I: tibial nerve
Biceps Femoris short head OIAI
O: linea aspera
I: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia
A: flexes the leg at the knee, laterally rotates a fixed leg
I: common peroneal nerve
Semitendinosus OIAI
O: tuberosity of the ischium, sacrotuberous ligament
I: pes anserinus
A: extends the thigh at the hip, flexes/internally rotates the leg at the knee
I: tibial nerve
Semimebranosus OIAI
O: tuberosity of the ischium
I: medial condyle of the tibia
A: extends the thigh at the hip, flexes/internally rotates the leg at the knee
I: tibial nerve
Lateral femoral intermuscular septum seperates
the anterior and posterior compaterments of the thigh
Posteromedial femoral intermuscular septum seperates
the medial and posterior compartment of the thigh
anteromedial femoral intermuscular septum seperates
the medial and anterior compartments of the thigh
