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GIGU > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the psoas sign?

A

Lower abdominal pain exacerbated by EXTENDING THIGH

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2
Q

What sx does a psoas abscess cause?

A

back/flank pain, fever, limp, inguinal mass

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3
Q

What causes a psoas abscess?

A

Diseases of organs (TB into abd)

Cancers

Infections deep to psoas fascia

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4
Q

What innervates the psoas major and minor Ms?

A

L1-L3 ventral rami

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5
Q

What is the O/I of psoas Ms?

A

TP, sides of VB and IV discs of T12-L5——–> tendon to lesser trochanter of femur

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6
Q

What is the O/I of Iliacus M?

A

iliac fossa, ala and anterior SI Ls–> lesser trochanter and shaft of femur

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7
Q

What innervates the iliacus M?

A

Femoral N (L2-4)

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8
Q

What is the O/I of quadratus lumborum M?

A

Iliolumbar L, lip of iliac crest–> medial inferior 12th rib, tips of lumbar TPs

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9
Q

What innervates the quadratus lumborum M?

A

anterior rami of T12-L4

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10
Q

What unites left and right crura?

A

median arcuate L

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11
Q

What is the tendinous arch of the crura of the diaphragm that makes the space for the aorta?

A

median arcuate L

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12
Q

What is the fascial thickening of the psoas fascia b/t lumbar body and L1 TP?

A

medial arcuate L

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13
Q

What is the fascial thickening of the quadratus lumborum from L1 to 12th rib?

A

lateral arcuate L

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14
Q

What are the unpaired arteries of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Celiac trunk (T12)
SMA (L1)
IMA (L3)
Median sacral A

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15
Q

What are the paired arteries of the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
Subcostal A
Inferior Phrenic A
Suprarenal A
Renal A (L2)
Gonadal A (L2)
Lumbar A
Deep circumfle iliac A
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16
Q

What are the veins of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

IVC (L5) through caval hiatus of diaphragm

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17
Q

What are the paired visceral branches of IVC?

A

Suprarenal V
Renal G
Gonadal V

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18
Q

What are the parietal branches of IVC?

A

Inferior phrenic V
3rd and 4th lumbar V
Common iliac V

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19
Q

What connect the SVC and IVC?

A

ascending lumbar V

azygous V

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20
Q

What diaphragm opening is at T8?

A

caval opening

–>IVC, R phrenic N

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21
Q

What diaphragm opening is at T10?

A

Esophageal hiatus

–>esophagus, vagal trunks

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22
Q

What diaphragm opening is at T12?

A

Aortic hiatus

—> aorta, thoracic duct, azygus/hemiazygos Vs

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23
Q

What passes through the caval opening of the diaphragm?

A

IVC

R phrenic N

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24
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus?

A

esophagus

vagal trunks

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25
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

aorta
throacic duct
sometimes azyg/hemiazyg Vs

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26
Q

What makes up the muscular diaphragm?

A

Sternal part
—-> to xiphoid
—-> inferior 6 costal cartilages
Costal Part

27
Q

What makes up the diaphragm?

A

Muscular part
Central Tendon
Crura

28
Q

Which diaphragm crus is larger and longer?

A

Right crus

29
Q

Is the right crus purely on the R side of the body?

A

No- some run along L side of aortic hiatus

30
Q

What crus is at L2-3 VBs?

A

Left crus

31
Q

What crus is at L3-L4 VBs?

A

Right

32
Q

What unites right and left crus?

A

median arcutate L

33
Q

What arteries run on the superior diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic
Pericardiophrenic
–>both off ITA

Superior phrenic A
—>off thoracic aorta

34
Q

What arteries run on the inferior side of the diaphragm?

A

Inferior phrenic A
—–> off abd aorta

Intercostal branches

35
Q

Does gastric regurgitation occur in para-esophageal hiatal hernias?

A

NO d/t cardiac portion of stomach nml position

36
Q

What type of hernia extends anterior to esophagus that includes peritoneum and the stomach fundus?

A

para-esophageal hiatal hernia

37
Q

Does gastric regurgitation occur in a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Yes

38
Q

What type of hernia occurs when the esophagus, cardiac and fundus of stomach go through the esophageal hiatus?

A

Sliding hiatal hernia

39
Q

What is thought to be the cause of hiatal hernias?

A

weakening of muscular diaphragm

40
Q

What level are the kidneys located?

A

T12-L3

41
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

right d/t liver

42
Q

Dimensions of kidney

A

10cm long
5cm wide
2cm thick

43
Q

Where do the superior parts of the kidneys lie?

A

deep to 11 and 12 ribs

44
Q

Which kidney hilum is near the transpyloric plane?

A

left kidney hilum

45
Q

The superior pole of which kidney does the transpyloric plane run through?

A

Right kidney

46
Q

What muscle lies posterior to the largest part of the kidney?

A

quadratus lumborum M

47
Q

What nerves are behind the kidney?

A

Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal

48
Q

What fat is adjacent to the kidney capsule that extends into renal pelvis?

A

Perinephric fat

49
Q

What covers fat enveloping the kidney and adrenal gland?

A

Renal fascia

–>continuous with inferior diaphragmatic fascia and renal vessels

50
Q

What fat is external to renal fascia?

A

paranephric fat

51
Q

What type of x-ray is used to see the ureter?

A

pyelogram

52
Q

What runs inferiorly from renal pelvis, over pelvic brim, along pelvic wall and posterior to vas deferens and uterine A?

A

ureter

53
Q

What are potential contriction points of the ureter?

A

jxn of ureter with renal pelvis

crossing pelvic brim

entering bladder wall

54
Q

What innervates the adrenal glands?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic (T10-L1)

Celiac Plexus

Abdominopelvic splanchnic Ns

55
Q

What lies near right crus, right kidney and IVC?

A

Right suprarenal gland

56
Q

What lies near left crus, spleen, stomach, pancreas and left kidney?

A

Left suprarenal gland

57
Q

What LN drain into lumbar LN?

A

common iliac LN from external/internal iliac nodes

58
Q

What LN run along both sides of IVC and aorta and receive lymph from posterior wall/organs?

A

lumbar LNs

59
Q

What LN form intestinal lymphatic trunks that drain GI, liver, spleen and pancreas?

A

Pre-aortic LNs

60
Q

Where do all the LN drain into?

A

cisterni chyli

61
Q

What plexus can be revealed by removing the psoas muscle?

A

lumbar plexus

62
Q

What are the nerves of the posterior wall?

A
  • Subcostal (T12)
  • Iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal
  • -> both L1
  • Genitofemoral (L1-2)
  • Lateral femoral cutanous N (L2-3)
  • Femoral N (L2-4)
  • Obturator N (L2-4)
  • Lumbosacral trunk (L4-5)
63
Q

What nerves make up the lumbar plexus?

A 
Iliohypogastric (L1)
lioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-2)
Lateral cutaneous N (L2-3)
Obturator (L2-4)
Femoral (L2-4)

GIGU (37 decks)

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