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GIGU > Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercule

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2
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

rolled-under border of EOM aponeurosis

–>forms outer edge of inguinal canal

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3
Q

What is the conjoint tendon/ inguinal falx?

A

aponeurosis of IOM and transversus abdominis M

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4
Q

Where does the conjoint tendon insert?

A

pubis

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5
Q

What is the external opening within aponeurosis for spermatic cord/round ligament of uterus?

A

Superficial ring

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6
Q

What crural fibers are involved in the inguinal canal area (define the superficial ring)?

A

Medial crus
Lateral crus
Intercrural fibers

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7
Q

What is the ligament that anchors the inguinal ligament to pubis?

A

Lacunar ligament

–> between pubic rami and inguinal ligament

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8
Q

What ligament is a continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along the pectin pubis?

A

Pectineal ligament

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9
Q

What is the femoral canal in relation to the inguinal canal?

A

immediately lateral to lacunar ligament

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10
Q

What is the difference between the crural fibers and ligaments of inguinal canal?

A

Lacunar/pectinate ligaments attach inguinal ligament to pubic bone

Crural fibers are etensions of aponeurosis that form the boundary of superficial inguinal ring

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11
Q

What is the function of the conjoint tendon?

A

supports weak spot in the abdominal wall where the inguinal canal is

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12
Q

What occurs with weakened conjoint tendon?

A

Direct hernia

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13
Q

Where is the conjoint tendon in relation to the inguinal canal?

A

makes up posterior portion of canal

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14
Q

What is superior to inguinal ligament and lateral to inferior epigastric artery?

A

deep ring of inguinal canal

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15
Q

What begins the invagination of peritoneum into transversalis fascia?

A

deep ring of inguinal canal

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16
Q

What is essentially a partial split in the EOM aponeurosis?

A

Superficial ring of inguinal canal

–>defined by crural fibers

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17
Q

What is thickening of transversalis fascia posterior to inguinal ingament?

A

iliopubic tract

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18
Q

What innervates the skin above pubis, motor to IO and TA?

A

Iliohypogastric N

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19
Q

What nerve transverses inguinal canal and exits superficial ring LATERAL to cord?

A

Ilioinguinal N

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20
Q

Where does the ilioinguinal nerve exit inguinal canal r/t spermatic cord?

A

exits LATERAL to cord

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21
Q

What nerve is motor to the cremasteric muscle?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral N

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22
Q

What does the gubernaculum connect?

A

gonads to future scrotal swellings

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23
Q

What is an out-pocketing of peritoneal cavity into future scrotum?

A

Processus vaginalis

24
Q

What is the remains of the processus vaginalis around testes?

A

tunica vaginalis

–>represents closed connection to peritoneum

25
Q

What layers of abd wall are carried in the spermatic cord?

A

Transversalis fascia
IOM
EOM

26
Q

What is cryptorchid testis?

A

undescended testis

27
Q

What does cryptorchid testis cause increased risk of?

A

testicular cancer

28
Q

Abdominal muscle layers make up testicle/ spermatic cord EXCEPT?

A

Transversus abdominis M

–>fascia is but not the actual muscle

29
Q

What does the transversalis fascia make in r/t spermatic cord?

A

internal spermatic fascia

30
Q

What does the IOM make in r/t spermatic cord?

A

Cremasteric M

31
Q

What does the EOM make in r/t spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia

32
Q

What is in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
testicular A and V
——->pampiniform plexus
gonadal N and lymph

33
Q

What is a testicular varicocele?

A

Varicosities of pampiniform plexus

——>swelling in scrotum with dull and recurring pain

34
Q

What is a persistent processus vaginalis?

A

patent connection b/t tunica vaginalis and abdomen

35
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

peritoneal fluid accumulated within tunica vaginalis

36
Q

What is a hematocele?

A

accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis

37
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

directly covers testes, covered by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

38
Q

How do you detect hydrocele vs hematocele?

A

hydroillumination

–> light shines through fluid of hydrocele

39
Q

What does the gubernaculum form in ovarian descent?

A

Ovarian Ligament and Round Ligament of Uterus

40
Q

What ligament attaches to labial swellings after it exits the inguinal canal?

A

Round ligament of uterus

41
Q

What is contained in the female inguinal canal?

A

Round L of uterus
Ilioinguinal N
Geniofemoral N (genital branch)

42
Q

Where does lymph drain to from scrotum?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes–> iliac and lymbar LN

43
Q

Where does lymph from the testes drain?

A

directly into lumbar and pre-aortic LN

44
Q

What is the remnant of the urachus?

A

median umbilical fold/L of ant abd wall

45
Q

What is the remnant of distal umbilical As?

A

medial umbilical L/fold of ant abd wall

46
Q

What fold is due to the inferior epigastric A and V in the post aspect of ant abd wall?

A

Lateral umbilical fold/L

–>hypotenuse of inguinal triangle (d/t angle of travel of inferior epigastric A)

47
Q

What is the function of the iliopubic tract?

A

reinforces floor of inguinal canal

48
Q

What is Hasselbach’s Triangle?

A

Inguinal Triangle:

  • inguinal L
  • lateral border of rectus abdominis M
  • Lateral umbilical fold
49
Q

Where is a direct hernia in relation to the inguinal triangle?

A

inferior to conjoint tendon

medial to lateral umbilical fold

50
Q

What type of hernia enters the deep inguinal ring?

A

indirect hernia

51
Q

What hernia has peritoneum WITHIN the spermatic cord?

A

indirect hernia

52
Q

What type of hernia is peritoneum or transversalis fascia ALONGSIDE the spermatic cord?

A

direct hernia

53
Q

What hernia occurs below the inguinal ligament?

A

femoral hernia

54
Q

What hernia is more common in women?

A

femoral hernia

–>emergency d/t strangulation

55
Q

What type of hernia is due to defects in posterolateral abdominal wall (abd tissues protrudes)?

A

Flank/Lubar

56
Q

What hernia goes through fascia between abd muscles, along semilunar line of rectus abdominis M?

GIGU (37 decks)

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