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GIGU > Bony Pelvis and Pelvic Wall > Flashcards

Bony Pelvis and Pelvic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the pelvic girdle?

A

sacrum
coccyx
Os coxae (R and L)

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2
Q

What bones make up the os coxae?

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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3
Q

What are the anterior and posterior articulations of the pones of the ox coxae?

A

anteriorly; pubic symphysis

posteriorly: S1-S3 @ SI joints

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4
Q

What are the hip bones?

A

ox coxae

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5
Q

Where do the bones of the os coxae fuse?

A

at the acetabulum by age 17

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6
Q

What is the subpubic angle?

A

between ischial tuberosities

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7
Q

What is the female subpubic angle?

A

greater than 80 degrees

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8
Q

What is the male subpubic angle?

A

less than 70 degrees

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9
Q

When is sacral fusion complete by?

A

25

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10
Q

Where do the coccyx and sacrum articulate?

A

sacrococcygeal symphisis

–>fibrocartilage disc

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11
Q

How many fused vertebrae make up the coccyx?

A

3-5 fused

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12
Q

What connects the ilium, ischium and pubis in children?

A

tri-radiate cartilage @ acetabulum

—>Will fuse after puberty

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13
Q

What is the concavity b/t ischial spine and tuberosity?

A

lesser sciatic notch

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14
Q

What concavity is superior to the ischial spine and formed by part of the ilium?

A

greater sciatic notch

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15
Q

What is the pubic arch formed by?

A

R and L ischiopubic rami –>meet at pubic symphysis

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16
Q

What is the oblique ridge of the lateral part of the superior pubic ramus?

A

pectineal line or pectin pubis

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17
Q

What is the thickening on the anterior part of the body of the pubis?

A

pubic crest–>ends laterally as pubic tubercle

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18
Q

The superior ramus of the pubis helps form the _________

A

acetabulum

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19
Q

The inferior ramus of the pubis helps form_____

A

bony borders of the obturator foramen

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20
Q

What is the dividing line separating the false and true pelvis?

A

pelvic brim

–>AKA pelvic inlet or superior pelvic aperture

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21
Q

What comprises the pelvic brim?

A
  • sacral promontory @ base
  • anterior border of ala
  • iliopectineal line
  • pubic crest
  • superior surface of pubic symphysis

**imaginary circle around “hole” the hip bones make with the sacrum and coccyx

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22
Q

What is the false pelvis?

A

pelvis major

–>above pelvic brim/inlet

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23
Q

What is the true pelvis?

A

pelvis minor

–>below pelvic brim/inlet

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24
Q

What are the bony boundaries of the pelvis minor?

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • inner surface of ischium
  • inner surface of pubis
  • small part of ilium
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25
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet/inferior pelvic aperture?

A

anteriorly: pubic arch (inferior to pubic symphysis)
laterally: ischial tuberosities
posterolaterally: sacrotuberous L
posteriorly: tip of coccyx

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26
Q

Describe lumbosacral joints

A
  • IV disc b/t L5 and sacrum
  • zygapophyseal joints b/t L5 and S1

–>allows for greater movement and contributes to the lumbar curve of the spine

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27
Q

What ligament stabilizes L5 vertebra on the sacrum by anchoring its TP to the iliac crest?

A

iliolumbar L

–>goes across the top of the ileum from the sacrum/L5

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28
Q

What ligament limits forward motion of L5 vertebra?

A

iliolumbar L

29
Q

What is an atypical IV joint that occurs b/t S5 and the coccyx?

A

sacrococcygeal joint

30
Q

What makes up the sacrococcygeal joint?

A

IV disc–>posterior movement of coccyx during defecation and childbirth

A and P sacrococcygeal Ls–>stabilize

31
Q

What do the inferior pubic (arcuate) and superior pubic ligaments reinforce?

A

pubic symphysis

32
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

synovial

33
Q

What ligaments stabilize the sacroiliac joint?

A
  • interosseous sacroiliac L
  • posterior sacroiliac L
  • iliolumbar L
  • sacrotuberous L
  • sacrospinous L
34
Q

Where is the sacroiliac joint located?

A

between lateral sacrum (S1-3) and internal surface of ileum

–>posterior to iliac fossa

35
Q

What lie in the same vertical plane in terms of the pelvic girdle in anatomical position?

A

R and L ASIS

anterior aspect of pubic symphysis

36
Q

What forms the anteroinferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A
  • bodies and rami of pubic bones

- pubic symphysis

37
Q

What is the fxn of the anterioinferior wall?

A

bears weight of urinary bladder

38
Q

What forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

2 hip bones

39
Q

What muscles cover the lateral pelvic walls?

A

obturator internus M

–>tendons pass through lesser sciatic foramen to attach to greater trochanter

40
Q

What is the fxn of the medial surfaces of obturator internus M?

A

covered by obturator fascia which provides attachment for the pelvic diaphragm

41
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

sacrum and coccyx

–>form bony wall and roof in midline

42
Q

What forms the posterolateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

A
  • ligaments associated with the SI joints

- piriformis Ms

43
Q

What forms the pelvic floor/ floor of the pelvic cavity?

A

pelvic diaphragm

–>coccygeus and levator ani Ms and associated fascia

44
Q

What is the fxn of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

separates true pelvis from perineum

45
Q

What is the O/I of piriformis?

A

lateral masses S2-4 and sacrotuberous L–> greater trochanter of femur

46
Q

What is the action of piriformis M?

A

exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen

–>LATERAL rotation of thigh

47
Q

What innervates piriformis M?

A

N to piriformis (S1-2)

48
Q

What is the O/I of obturator internus M?

A

anterolateral wall of pelvic minor and obturator membrane–>greater trochanter of femur

49
Q

What is the action of obturator internus M?

A

exits pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen

–>LATERAL rotation of thigh

50
Q

What innervates obturator internus M?

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

51
Q

What perforates the pelvic diaphragm?

A

-urethra and anal canal

–>also vagina in females

52
Q

What is the largest and most important part of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani M

–>pubic bone to coccyx, joints other M midline @ perineal body

53
Q

What M is funnel shaped and separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

A

levator ani

54
Q

What makes up the levator ani M?

A

1: pubococcygeus
- ->pubis to coccyx and anococcygeal L

2: puborectalis
- ->pubis, posterior to encircle anorectal jxn
- -> U shaped sling

3: iliococcygeus
- ->tendinous arch and ischial spine to coccyx and anococcygeal L

55
Q

What forms a U shaped sling of muscle that is medial and inferior to pubococcygeus?

A

puborectalis M of levator ani

–>increases angle b/t rectum and anal canal to maintain continence

56
Q

What is the dual innervation of levator ani M?

A

superior surface: S3-4

inferior surface: inferior rectal N (S2-4)

57
Q

What are the actions of levator ani M?

A
  • support pelvic viscera
  • resists inferior thrust
  • raises pelvic floor in forced exhalation, coughing, vomiting, urination, lifting heavy objects
  • maintains bowel continence and prevents defecation through angle of puborectalis M (increases angle b/t rectum and anal canal)
58
Q

What M forms the posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

coccygeus M

ischial spines and sacrospinous L–> lateral anterior sacrum and coccyx

59
Q

What is the action of coccygeus M?

A

support coccyx, pull it forward after defecation or childbirth

60
Q

What innervates the coccygeus M?

A

S4-5

61
Q

What potential space is between the rectum and sacrum?

A

retrorectal space

–>rectum surrounded by loose CT so can expand before defecation

62
Q

What space and fascia separate urinary bladder from rectum in males?

A

rectovesical space

63
Q

What space is between the pubic bones and anterior surface of bladder?

A

retropubic space

–>subserous fat allows expansion of bladder

64
Q

The pelvic fascia is continuous with ______-

A

abdominal fascia where two fascias are anchored to pelvic brim

65
Q

The 3 layers of pelvic fascia are in contact with _________

A 
pelvic diaphragm
-->diaphragmatic
hollow pelvic organs
-->visceral
pelvic wall and floor
-->parietal
66
Q

Injury to the pelvic floor is frequently observed when?

A

during vaginal delivery

67
Q

What muscles are most commonly injured in chidlbirth?

A

pubococcygeus M
puborectalis M

–>support urethra, vagina and anal canal

68
Q

What are clinical conditions arising from injury to pelvic floor during childbirth?

A
  • urinary stress incontinence
  • prolapse of pelvic organs
  • fecal incontinence
69
Q

What can cause urinary stress incontinence in men?

A

prostate gland removed

chronic cough

GIGU (37 decks)

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