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GIGU > Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries > Flashcards

Peritoneal Cavity and Mesenteries Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the peritoneal cavity

A

Anterior abd wall
Post abd wall
Resp diaphragm
Floor of pelvic cavity

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2
Q

What does the peritoneum consist of (functionally)?

A

single layer of squamous epithelium on CT

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3
Q

What lines the inner surfaces of the abd walls?

A

parietal peritoneum

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4
Q

What covers many abd organs?

A

visceral peritoneum

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5
Q

What moistens peritoneum?

A

serous fluid (peritoneal)

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6
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity empty?

A

Yes–>except for peritoneal fluid

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7
Q

What situations fill the peritoneal cavity?

A

air during surgery

ascites

pus accumulation s/t infection

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8
Q

What are the functions of the peritoneum?

A
  • produce peritoneal fluid
  • minimize friction between abd organs
  • resist infection
  • storage of fat (greater omentum)
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9
Q

What does the peritoneum do in response to injury or infection?

A
  • produce fluid containing antibodies
  • produce leukocytes
  • wall off/localizes infection
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10
Q

What are the subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • lesser sac or omental bursa

- greater sac

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11
Q

Where is the lesser sac/omental bursa located?

A

posterior to lesser omentum, stomach and caudate lobe of liver

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12
Q

What is the communication between the omenal bursa/lesser sac and greater omentum?

A

epiploic foramen

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13
Q

What are the borders of the epiploic foramen?

A

anterior: hepatoduodenal L
superiorly: reflection of peritoneum from caudate lobe onto front of IVC
inferiorly: duodenum
posteriorly: parietal peritoneum covering IVC

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14
Q

How do you get to the greater sac?

A

Incision through anterior/lateral abdominal wall

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15
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity in males closed?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity in females closed?

A

No

–> communication between uterine tube, cavity and vagina to external world

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17
Q

Why do women have potential pathway for infection from external world to the peritoneal cavity?

A

The peritoneal cavity is open via vagina, uterine tubes and cavity

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18
Q

Generally, what are the 4 parts of the peritoneum?

A

1: Mesentery
2: Omentum
3: Ligaments
4: Peritoneal recesses

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19
Q

What causes peritonitis?

A

bacterial contamination via penetrating abd wound or rupture of organ

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20
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of peritoneum

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21
Q

What are the sx of peritonitis?

A 
severe abd pain
tenderness
nausea, vomiting
FEVER
constipation
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22
Q

What is ascites?

A

excess peritoneal fluid

23
Q

What can cause ascites?

A 
mechanical injury
portal HTN
cancer mets to abd
starvation
cirrhosis (main)
24
Q

What is a frequent complication of ascites?

A

Subphrenic abscess

25
How does ascitic fluid spread infection?
via paracolic gutters --->lateral to asc and desc colon
26
Can infection spread from the pelvis to the subphrenic recess?
Yes-->via paracolic gutters
27
Where is the subphrenic recess?
between the diaphragm and the liver
28
What can cause fluid in the omental bursa/lesser sac?
- perforated posterior stomach wall - pancreatitis - injured pancreas
29
What is the peritoneal recess?
pouch of peritoneum formed by a peritoneal fold --> inferior recess of omental bursa (b/t layers of greater omentum)
30
What ligament attaches the liver to the ant abd wall?
Falciform L
31
What ligament attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver?
Hepatogastric L
32
What ligament attaches the first part of the duodenum to the liver?
Hepatoduodenal L
33
What ligaments make up the lesser omentum?
Hepatogastric L | Hepatoduodenal L
34
What ligament attaches the fundus of the stomach to the diaphragm?
Gastrophrenic L
35
What ligament attaches the stomach to the hilum of the spleen?
Gastrosplenic L
36
What ligament attaches the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon?
Gastrocolic L
37
What ligament is the apron-like part of the greater omentum?
Gastrocolic L
38
What ligaments make up the greater omentum?
Gastrophrenic L Gastrosplenic L Gastrocolic L
39
What are double-layered folds of peritoneum that attach organs to each other?
Ligaments of peritoneum
40
What is a mesentery that extends from the stomach to adjacent organs?
Omentum
41
What attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum to the liver?
Lesser omentum
42
What attaches the greater curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the transverse colon?
Greater omentum
43
What is the mesentery attached to?
posterior abd wall where BV and N originate
44
What is a double-layered membrane of peritoneum that provides a channel for BV and N to travel to abd organs?
mesentery
45
What is the difference between mesentery and omentum?
Both part of peritoneum -->omentum is a type of mesentery that attaches the stomach to other organs -->mesentery is broad term of peritoneum that conveys BV and N to organs
46
Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal -->completely covered with visceral peritoneum, free moving Retroperitoneal ---> partial covered by visceral peritoneum, fused to body wall
47
What are the retroperitoneal organs?
SADPUCKER -->suprarenal gland, aorta/IVC, duodenum (2-4), pancreas (except tail), ureters, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, esophagus, rectum
48
What does the transverse mesocolon divide?
Greater sac into supracolic and infracolic compartments
49
What compartments make up the greater sac?
Supracolic | Infracolic
50
What organs are in the supracolic compartment?
Stomach Liver Spleen
51
What organs are in the infracolic compartment?
SI Asc colon Desc colon
52
Describe the attachments of the transverse mesocolon?
from TC to post abd wall -->lies in front of the head and body of pancreas to enclose TC
53
What are paracolic gutters examples of?
peritoneal recess
54
What are ligaments examples of in the abd?
peritoneal fold

GIGU (37 decks)

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