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GIGU > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

RUQ contents

A
  • Right lobe of liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pylorus of stomach
  • Duodenum (1-3)
  • Head of pancreas
  • Suprarenal gland
  • Kidney
  • R colic flexure
  • superior ascending colon
  • right half transverse colon
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2
Q

LUQ contents

A
  • Left lobe of liver
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • jejunum
  • proximal ileum
  • body and tail of pancreas
  • kidney
  • suprarenal gland
  • left colic flexure
  • left half transverse colon
  • superior descending colon
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3
Q

RLQ contents

A
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • majority of ileum
  • inferior ascending colon
  • ovary
  • uterine tube
  • abdominal part of R ureter
  • abdominal part of R spermatic cord
  • uterus and bladder if full/enlarged
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4
Q

LLQ contents

A

-sigmoid colon
-inferior descending colon
-L ovary
-L uterine tube
-abdominal part of L ureter
abdominal part of L spermatic cord
-uterus and bladder if full/enlarlged

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5
Q

What plane is at the level of the transverse colon?

A

Subcostal plane

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6
Q

What plane passes inferior border of 10th costal cartilage?

A

Subcostal plane

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7
Q

What plane is at the level of the ileocecal junction?

A

Transtubercle plane

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8
Q

What plane is between iliac tubercles?

A

Transtubercle plane

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9
Q

What plane is between ASIS?

A

Interspinous plane

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10
Q

What plane is at the level of the appendix and sigmoid colon?

A

Interspinous plane

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11
Q

What plane is at the level of L1?

A

Transpyloric plane

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12
Q

What plane is at the level of L3?

A

Subcostal

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13
Q

What plane is at the level of L5?

A

Transtubercular

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14
Q

What plane is at the level of S2?

A

Interspinous

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15
Q

What plane is at the level of the gallbladder fundus, pylorus of stomach, pancreatic neck, SMA and root of transverse mesocolon?

A

Transpyloric plane

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16
Q

What separates the abdomen from the pelvis?

A

imaginary pelvic inlet

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17
Q

Boundaries of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall

A

upper 7-10 costal cartilages—> lower inguinal ligament and pelvic bones

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18
Q

Layers of Abdominal Wall

A

Skin–> Camper’s fascia (fatty)–> Scarpa’s fascia (membranous)–> aponeurosis

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19
Q

How can fluid flow from abdomen to superficial perineum?

A

Scarpa’s fascia is continuous with Colle’s fascia of perineum

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20
Q

Why can’t fluid go from abdomen into leg?

A

Scarpa’s fascia is fused with fascia lata

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21
Q

O/I of External Oblique M

A

Outer surface of lower 6 ribs–> aponeurosis, linea alba, ant iliac creast and pubic tubercle

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22
Q

What innervates External Oblique M

A

Ventral rami of T7-12

——-> Thoracoabdominal N and Subcostal N

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23
Q

What is the fxn of eternal oblique muscle?

A

increase intra-abd pressure, move trunk, retain posture

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24
Q

Innervation of Internal Oblique M

A

T7-12, L1

—>Thoracoabd N, Subcostal N, Ilioinguinal N, Iliohypogastric N

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25
Q

O/I Internal Oblique M

A

iliac crest–> lower 10-12 ribs, aponeurosis, linea alba, pubic crest

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26
Q

What does the lower portion of internal oblique M make?

A

conjoint tendon/ injuinal falx

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27
Q

What does the internal oblique muscle form?

A

Part of aponeurosis

Cremasteric muscle

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28
Q

What is the fxn of conjoint tendon?

A

prevents weak spot in abd wall—> if not working———-> DIRECT HERNIA

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29
Q

Innervation of Transversus Abdominis M

A

T7-11

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30
Q

O/I of Transversus Abdominis M

A

lower 7-12 ribs, iliac crest, some inguinal L—> linea alba, pectin pubis, pubic crest

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31
Q

O/I Rectus Abdominis M

A

Pubic symphysis and pubic crest—> xiphoid process, outer surface of 5-7 intercostal cartilages

32
Q

Innervation of Rectus Abdominis M

33
Q

Where are tendinous intersections?

A

Rectus Abdominis M @ umbilical, xiphoid and midway

34
Q

Action of rectus abdominis M

A

flex abd, compress abd

35
Q

What is the lateral border of rectus abdominis M

A

linea semilunaris

36
Q

Where is pyramidis M?

A

at the end of rectus abdominis M

37
Q

What is the rectus sheath made up of?

A

fascia and aponeurosis of EOM, IOM, Transversus Abdominis M

38
Q

What aponeurosis is always anterior in rectus sheath?

39
Q

How does the IOM aponeurosis form part the rectus sheath?

A

upper 3/4: half anterior and half posterior

lower 1/4: anterior

40
Q

How does the transverus abdominis M form part of the rectus sheath?

A

upper 3/4: posterior

lower 1/4: anterior

41
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

sharp transition where all aponeurosis become anterior to rectus abdominis M

42
Q

Where is the rectus abdominis in contact with the transversalis fascia?

A

Below the arcuate line

43
Q

What nerve is T7-11?

A

Thoracoabdominal N
———> continuation of intercostal N

M and S

44
Q

Where does the thoracoabdominal N run?

A

Between transversus abdominis and internal oblique Ms

45
Q

What N is T12?

A

Subcostal N

46
Q

Where is the subcostal N located?

A

inferior 12th rib

——-> sensory superior to iliac crest

47
Q

What nerves are L1?

A

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Ns

48
Q

What N runs between IO and TA mucles coming from L1?

A

Iliohypogastric M

49
Q

What are the M/S for Iliohypogastric N?

A

M to IO and TA

S to upper inguinal and hypogastric region

50
Q

What are the M/S for Ilioinguinal N?

A

M to LOWER IO and TA

S to lower inguinal, anterior scrotum and labia, NEAR MEDIAL THIGH

51
Q

What are abdominal wall arteries continuations of?

A

Intercostal As

52
Q

Where do lumbar arteries originate?

53
Q

Where does superficial epigastric A originate?

54
Q

What artery runs along inguinal ligament?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac A

———–>via femoral A

55
Q

What A runs deep along inguinal ligament?

A

Deep circumflex iliac A

————-> via external iliac A

56
Q

What arteries rung along and deep to inguinal ligament?

A

With: superior circumflex iliac A

Deep to: deep circumflex iliac A

57
Q

What artery runs posterior to rectus abdominis M?

A

Inferior epigastric A

—–> via external iliac A

58
Q

What artery anastomosies with the Superior Epigastric A?

A

Inferior epigastric A

—-> via external iliac A

59
Q

What is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic A in the abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric A

60
Q

What A runs anterior to the posterior rectus sheath?

A

Inferior epigastric A

AKA posterior to rectus abdominis M

61
Q

What fold is due to obliterated urachus?

A

Median umbilical fold

62
Q

What fold is due to obliterated umbilical As?

A

Medial umbilical fold

63
Q

What fold is due to inferior epigastric A?

A

Lateral umbilical fold

64
Q

What gutter is on either side of the upper bladder?

A

Supravesicular fossa

65
Q

What gutter is lateral to the medial umbilical folds (b/t medial and lateral folds)?

A

Medial inguinal fossa

66
Q

What gutter is lateral to the lateral umbilical folds?

A

Lateral inguinal fossa

67
Q

Superficial vessels superior to umbilicus drain into?

A

Axillary nodes, some to parasternal nodes

68
Q

Superficial vessels below umbilicus drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

69
Q

Where do deep lymph vessels run?

A

With deep veins of abdominal wall

—-> external and internal iliac Vs

70
Q

What incision can be made rapidly due to few BV and N in this location?

A

Midline incision (through umbilicus)

71
Q

What incision is 2.5 cm inferior from costal margin?

72
Q

What incision is used to access gallbladder, biliary tract and spleen?

A

Subcostal incision

73
Q

What incision is used to open anterior sheath and enter peritoneum (after pushing rectus M aside laterally)?

A

Paramedian incision (just lateral to midline)

74
Q

What incision is used to split muscle and gain access to appendix?

A

Gridline (over McBurney’s point)

75
Q

What incision is used most in OB/GYN surgeries?

A

Suprapubic

GIGU (37 decks)

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