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GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the GI tract?

A

esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, rectum, anal canal

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2
Q

What are the associated organs of the GI tract?

A

spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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3
Q

What extends 1 inch below the respiratory diaphragm?

A

esophagus

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4
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

separates esophagus from fundus of stomach

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5
Q

What is the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

closed via respiratory diaphragm

–>only fxnl, not anatomical

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6
Q

What does the esophagus pass through at T10 and T11?

A

T10: esophageal hiatus
–>enters abdomen….sharp L…enters cardiac orifice

T11: cardiac orifice
—>enters stomach

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7
Q

Where are the 3 esophageal constrictions?

A

1: Cervical @ upper esophageal sphincter
2: Thoracic @ L main bronchus
3: Diaphragmatic @ esophageal hiatus

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8
Q

Describe the 2 types of hitatal hernias

A

Paraesophageal: cardia intact, peritoneum and fundus anterior to esophagus
———-> no regurgitation

Sliding: esophagus, cardia, fundus through esophageal hiatus
—–>laying down or bending over, REGURG

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9
Q

What quadrants is the stomach located in?

A

RUQ, LUQ

–>epigastric, umbilical, L hypochondriac

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10
Q

Where ist he left end of the stomach fixed?

A

T10-11

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11
Q

Where is the right end of the stomach fied?

A

L1

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12
Q

What is anterior to the stomach?

A

Anterior abd wall
Diaphragm
L lobe of liver

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13
Q

What is posterior to the stomach?

A 
Diaphragm
Spleen
L adrenal gland
L upper kidney
Pancreas
Transverse colon
Transverse mesocolon
Omental bursa
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14
Q

What part of the stomach connects to the esophagus and body?

A

cardia

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15
Q

What is superior to the cardiac orifice at the level of 5th rib?

A

fundus of stomach

–>rests against L side diaphragm

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16
Q

What is the wider part of the pylorus?

A

pyloric antrum

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17
Q

What is the most physiological part of the small intestine?

A

hepatoduodenal sphincter

–>connects duodenum with common bile duct and main pacreatic duct

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18
Q

Where is the duodenojejunal junction/flexure?

A

L2

–>horseshoe around head of pancreas

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19
Q

What is the most fixed part of the SI?

A

duodenum (1st part)

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20
Q

What direction does the first part of the duodenum travel?

A

superior and posterior to the right

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21
Q

What part of the duodenum is associated with the hepatoduodenal L?

A

first

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22
Q

What runs in the hepatoduodenal L?

A

Portal V
Proper hepatic A
Common bile duct

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23
Q

What part of the duodenum is parallel to and R of the IVC?

A

second

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24
Q

What part of the duodenum contains the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater?

A

second

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25
What are the internal features of the second part of the duodenum?
major duodenal papilla (in-poutching of hepatopancreatic ampulla) sphincter of Oddi
26
What is the difference between the major and minor duodenal papilla?
main pancreatic duct opens @ major accessory pancreatic duct opens @ minor
27
What is medial to the second part of the duodenum?
head of pancreas
28
What is anterior to the second part of the duodenum?
gallbladder right lobe of liver transverse colon
29
What is posterior to the second part of the duodenum?
right kidney | right ureter
30
What part of the duodenum crosses midline from right to left?
third
31
What crosses anteriorly to third part of duodenum?
SMA/V root of mesentery
32
What is superior to the third part of the duodenum?
head of pancreas
33
What is anterior to the third part of the duodenum?
jejunum
34
What part of the duodenum ascends to the left side of the aorta?
fourth
35
What part of the duodenum joins the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure?
fourth
36
What suspensory muscle attaches the 4th part of the duodenum to the posterior abdominal wall?
Ligament of Treitz
37
What is the function of the ligament of treitz?
widens opening of the 4th duodenum, anchors it to the right crus of the diaphragm
38
What are posterior to the fourth part of the duodenum?
left margin of aorta IM vein psoas M
39
Where is the ligament of treitz located?
between post abd wall and 4th duodenum
40
What part of the SI is located in the LUQ?
jejunum -->proximal 2/5 SI
41
Where are mucosal folds in the jejunum
proximal (none distal) | -->progressively decrease
42
The amount of fat in the mesentery around jejunum ______ from proximal to distal
increases
43
The number or arterial arcades in the mesentery around the jejunum ____ from proximal to distal
increases
44
What are branching from arterial arcades in the mesentery around the jejunum?
long vasas recta | --->straight arteries
45
What part of the SI is located in the RLQ?
ileum | -->distal 3/5 SI
46
What arteries (generally) are present in the mesentery surrounding the ileum?
compound vascular arcades with shorter vasa recta (c/t jejunum)
47
What parts of the duodenum does the mesentery attach to?
jejunum and ileum-->post abd wall
48
What does the mesentery around the duodenum carry?
superior mesenteric vessels LN fat autonomic nerves
49
What does the mesentery around the duodenum cross?
3rd and 4th part of duodenum, abd aorta, IVC, R ureter, R psoas major M, R gonadal vessels
50
What stores fat in the LI?
appendices epiploicae
51
What part of the LI is a blind sac with the appendix attached?
cecum -->attached to posterio-medial part
52
What supports the appendix?
mesoappendix
53
What are cone-like projections of the ileum into the cecum?
ilea papilla
54
Where does the ascending colon become continuous with the transverse colon?
right colic flexure
55
Where does the descending colon become continuous with the transverse colon?
left colic flexure
56
What suspends the transverse colon?
transverse mesocolon
57
Where does the descending colon become continuous with the sigmoid colon?
brim of pelvis
58
What mesentery attaches to the sigmoid colon?
sigmoid mesocolon
59
What level does the sigmoid colon and rectum become continuous?
S3
60
What part of the GI tract has no mesentery?
rectum
61
What is both retroperitoneal and subperitoneal due to its relationship to visceral peritoneum?
rectum
62
What is the terminal part of the intestinal tract?
anal canal
63
What is anterior to the spleen?
stomach | tail of pancreas
64
What is posterior to the spleen?
diaphragm
65
What is inferior to the spleen?
left colic flexure
66
What is medial to the spleen?
left kidney | phrenicocolic ligament
67
Where is the spleen located?
L hypochondriac region | --> parallel to left ribs 9-11
68
What ligaments attach to the speen?
gastrosplenic L | splenorenal L
69
What part of the pancreas is retroperitoneal?
all except tail
70
What level is the pancreas located at?
L1-L2
71
What part of the pancreas lies in the curvature of the duodenum?
head
72
What part of the pancreas overlies the SMA?
neck
73
What is located between the layers of the splenorenal L?
tail of pancreas
74
What is the fxn of sphincter of Oddi?
prevents bile from entering pancreas
75
Where is the main pancreatic duct?
begins at tail of pancreas, can be joined by accessory duct--> hepatopancreatic ampulla of 2nd duodenum
76
What is anterior to the pancreas?
lesser sac | stomach
77
What is posterior to the pancreas?
``` Aorta IVC Splenic V Common bile duct R crus of diaphragm L kidney/vessels L adrenal gland SMA/V ```
78
What is to the right of the pancreas?
2nd part of duodenum
79
What is to the left of the pancreas?
spleen
80
What is inferior to the spleen?
3rd part of duodenum
81
What part of the liver is the IVC in direct contact with?
diaphragmatic surface
82
The liver is covered by visceral peritoneum except where?
where GB and porta hepatis are located
83
What is a transverse fissue in the visceral surface of the liver that contains hepatic portal v, proper hepatic A, nerve pleus, bile ducts and lymph vessels?
porta hepatis
84
What liver fissure contains the ligamentum teres?
left sagittal fissure
85
What is the embryo origin of ligamentum teres of liver?
obliterated umbilical Vs
86
What liver fissure contains the GB and IVC?
Right sagittal fissure
87
What lobes of the liver does the porta hepatis separate?
quadrate and caudate lobes
88
What separates the right and left lobes of the liber?
falciform L
89
What ligaments represent a reflection of visceral peritoneum from the liver to the diaphragm?
Coronary L
90
What ligaments surround the bare area of the liver (where liver contacts diaphragm without peritoneum)?
coronary L
91
What ligament passes from the porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Hepatogastric L
92
What ligaments passes from the porta hepatis of the liver to the 1st part of the duodenum?
Hepatoduodenal L
93
What ligament contains the proper hepatic A, hepatic portal V, common bile duct, lymph vessels and hepatic nerves?
Hepatoduodenal L
94
What ligaments make up the lesser omentum?
hepatogastric L | hepatoduodenal L
95
What is segment I of the liver?
caudate lobe
96
What are the functional lobes of the liver divided by?
portal triad and blood supply
97
What divides the functional R and L liver lobes?
cantile line
98
What is segment II of the liver?
L posterior lateral
99
What is segment III of the liver?
L anterior lateral
100
What is segment IV of the liver?
left medial
101
What is segment V of the liver?
R anterior medial
102
What is segment VI of the liver?
R anterior lateral
103
What is segment VII of the liver?
R posterior lateral
104
What is segment VIII of the liver?
R posterior medial
105
What composes the biliary system?
bile ducts and GB
106
Describe the pathway of canaliculi-->bile duct
microscopic bile canaliculi--> interlobular bile ducts--> R and L hepatic ducts--> common hepatic duct--> joins cystic duct to form common bile duct
107
What prevents pancreatic secretions from entering the biliary system?
sphincter in common bile duct
108
What lies in the hepatic fossa and stores bile?
gallbladder
109
What contact anterior abd wall at 9th costal cartilage?
gallbladder
110
Where is peritoneum on the gallbladder?
posterior and inferior surfaces
111
Where is the fundus of the gallbladder in relation to the liver?
projects below inferior border of the liver
112
What are extrahepatic ducts?
R and L hepatic ducts Common hepatic duct Cystic duct Common bile duct
113
What does blockage of the cystic duct by gallstones result in?
``` cholecystitis biliary colic (spasmodic pain) ```
114
What does blockage of the hepatopancreatic ampulla by gallstones cause?
pancreatitis | -->blocks both common bile duct and main pancreatic duct (bile backs up into pancreas)
115
What lobe of liver is between the IVC and falciform L?
caudate lobe
116
What lobe of liver is between the GB and falciform L?
quadrate lobe

GIGU (37 decks)

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