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GIGU > GI Organs > Flashcards

GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs of the GI tract?

A

esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, rectum, anal canal

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2
Q

What are the associated organs of the GI tract?

A

spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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3
Q

What extends 1 inch below the respiratory diaphragm?

A

esophagus

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4
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

separates esophagus from fundus of stomach

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5
Q

What is the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

closed via respiratory diaphragm

–>only fxnl, not anatomical

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6
Q

What does the esophagus pass through at T10 and T11?

A

T10: esophageal hiatus
–>enters abdomen….sharp L…enters cardiac orifice

T11: cardiac orifice
—>enters stomach

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7
Q

Where are the 3 esophageal constrictions?

A

1: Cervical @ upper esophageal sphincter
2: Thoracic @ L main bronchus
3: Diaphragmatic @ esophageal hiatus

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8
Q

Describe the 2 types of hitatal hernias

A

Paraesophageal: cardia intact, peritoneum and fundus anterior to esophagus
———-> no regurgitation

Sliding: esophagus, cardia, fundus through esophageal hiatus
—–>laying down or bending over, REGURG

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9
Q

What quadrants is the stomach located in?

A

RUQ, LUQ

–>epigastric, umbilical, L hypochondriac

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10
Q

Where ist he left end of the stomach fixed?

A

T10-11

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11
Q

Where is the right end of the stomach fied?

A

L1

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12
Q

What is anterior to the stomach?

A

Anterior abd wall
Diaphragm
L lobe of liver

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13
Q

What is posterior to the stomach?

A 
Diaphragm
Spleen
L adrenal gland
L upper kidney
Pancreas
Transverse colon
Transverse mesocolon
Omental bursa
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14
Q

What part of the stomach connects to the esophagus and body?

A

cardia

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15
Q

What is superior to the cardiac orifice at the level of 5th rib?

A

fundus of stomach

–>rests against L side diaphragm

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16
Q

What is the wider part of the pylorus?

A

pyloric antrum

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17
Q

What is the most physiological part of the small intestine?

A

hepatoduodenal sphincter

–>connects duodenum with common bile duct and main pacreatic duct

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18
Q

Where is the duodenojejunal junction/flexure?

A

L2

–>horseshoe around head of pancreas

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19
Q

What is the most fixed part of the SI?

A

duodenum (1st part)

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20
Q

What direction does the first part of the duodenum travel?

A

superior and posterior to the right

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21
Q

What part of the duodenum is associated with the hepatoduodenal L?

A

first

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22
Q

What runs in the hepatoduodenal L?

A

Portal V
Proper hepatic A
Common bile duct

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23
Q

What part of the duodenum is parallel to and R of the IVC?

A

second

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24
Q

What part of the duodenum contains the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater?

A

second

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25
Q

What are the internal features of the second part of the duodenum?

A

major duodenal papilla (in-poutching of hepatopancreatic ampulla)

sphincter of Oddi

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26
Q

What is the difference between the major and minor duodenal papilla?

A

main pancreatic duct opens @ major

accessory pancreatic duct opens @ minor

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27
Q

What is medial to the second part of the duodenum?

A

head of pancreas

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28
Q

What is anterior to the second part of the duodenum?

A

gallbladder

right lobe of liver

transverse colon

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29
Q

What is posterior to the second part of the duodenum?

A

right kidney

right ureter

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30
Q

What part of the duodenum crosses midline from right to left?

A

third

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31
Q

What crosses anteriorly to third part of duodenum?

A

SMA/V

root of mesentery

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32
Q

What is superior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

head of pancreas

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33
Q

What is anterior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

jejunum

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34
Q

What part of the duodenum ascends to the left side of the aorta?

A

fourth

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35
Q

What part of the duodenum joins the jejunum at the duodenojejunal flexure?

A

fourth

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36
Q

What suspensory muscle attaches the 4th part of the duodenum to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Ligament of Treitz

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37
Q

What is the function of the ligament of treitz?

A

widens opening of the 4th duodenum, anchors it to the right crus of the diaphragm

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38
Q

What are posterior to the fourth part of the duodenum?

A

left margin of aorta

IM vein

psoas M

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39
Q

Where is the ligament of treitz located?

A

between post abd wall and 4th duodenum

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40
Q

What part of the SI is located in the LUQ?

A

jejunum

–>proximal 2/5 SI

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41
Q

Where are mucosal folds in the jejunum

A

proximal (none distal)

–>progressively decrease

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42
Q

The amount of fat in the mesentery around jejunum ______ from proximal to distal

A

increases

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43
Q

The number or arterial arcades in the mesentery around the jejunum ____ from proximal to distal

A

increases

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44
Q

What are branching from arterial arcades in the mesentery around the jejunum?

A

long vasas recta

—>straight arteries

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45
Q

What part of the SI is located in the RLQ?

A

ileum

–>distal 3/5 SI

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46
Q

What arteries (generally) are present in the mesentery surrounding the ileum?

A

compound vascular arcades with shorter vasa recta (c/t jejunum)

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47
Q

What parts of the duodenum does the mesentery attach to?

A

jejunum and ileum–>post abd wall

48
Q

What does the mesentery around the duodenum carry?

A

superior mesenteric vessels

LN

fat

autonomic nerves

49
Q

What does the mesentery around the duodenum cross?

A

3rd and 4th part of duodenum, abd aorta, IVC, R ureter, R psoas major M, R gonadal vessels

50
Q

What stores fat in the LI?

A

appendices epiploicae

51
Q

What part of the LI is a blind sac with the appendix attached?

A

cecum

–>attached to posterio-medial part

52
Q

What supports the appendix?

A

mesoappendix

53
Q

What are cone-like projections of the ileum into the cecum?

A

ilea papilla

54
Q

Where does the ascending colon become continuous with the transverse colon?

A

right colic flexure

55
Q

Where does the descending colon become continuous with the transverse colon?

A

left colic flexure

56
Q

What suspends the transverse colon?

A

transverse mesocolon

57
Q

Where does the descending colon become continuous with the sigmoid colon?

A

brim of pelvis

58
Q

What mesentery attaches to the sigmoid colon?

A

sigmoid mesocolon

59
Q

What level does the sigmoid colon and rectum become continuous?

A

S3

60
Q

What part of the GI tract has no mesentery?

A

rectum

61
Q

What is both retroperitoneal and subperitoneal due to its relationship to visceral peritoneum?

A

rectum

62
Q

What is the terminal part of the intestinal tract?

A

anal canal

63
Q

What is anterior to the spleen?

A

stomach

tail of pancreas

64
Q

What is posterior to the spleen?

A

diaphragm

65
Q

What is inferior to the spleen?

A

left colic flexure

66
Q

What is medial to the spleen?

A

left kidney

phrenicocolic ligament

67
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

L hypochondriac region

–> parallel to left ribs 9-11

68
Q

What ligaments attach to the speen?

A

gastrosplenic L

splenorenal L

69
Q

What part of the pancreas is retroperitoneal?

A

all except tail

70
Q

What level is the pancreas located at?

A

L1-L2

71
Q

What part of the pancreas lies in the curvature of the duodenum?

A

head

72
Q

What part of the pancreas overlies the SMA?

A

neck

73
Q

What is located between the layers of the splenorenal L?

A

tail of pancreas

74
Q

What is the fxn of sphincter of Oddi?

A

prevents bile from entering pancreas

75
Q

Where is the main pancreatic duct?

A

begins at tail of pancreas, can be joined by accessory duct–> hepatopancreatic ampulla of 2nd duodenum

76
Q

What is anterior to the pancreas?

A

lesser sac

stomach

77
Q

What is posterior to the pancreas?

A 
Aorta
IVC
Splenic V
Common bile duct
R crus of diaphragm
L kidney/vessels
L adrenal gland
SMA/V
78
Q

What is to the right of the pancreas?

A

2nd part of duodenum

79
Q

What is to the left of the pancreas?

A

spleen

80
Q

What is inferior to the spleen?

A

3rd part of duodenum

81
Q

What part of the liver is the IVC in direct contact with?

A

diaphragmatic surface

82
Q

The liver is covered by visceral peritoneum except where?

A

where GB and porta hepatis are located

83
Q

What is a transverse fissue in the visceral surface of the liver that contains hepatic portal v, proper hepatic A, nerve pleus, bile ducts and lymph vessels?

A

porta hepatis

84
Q

What liver fissure contains the ligamentum teres?

A

left sagittal fissure

85
Q

What is the embryo origin of ligamentum teres of liver?

A

obliterated umbilical Vs

86
Q

What liver fissure contains the GB and IVC?

A

Right sagittal fissure

87
Q

What lobes of the liver does the porta hepatis separate?

A

quadrate and caudate lobes

88
Q

What separates the right and left lobes of the liber?

A

falciform L

89
Q

What ligaments represent a reflection of visceral peritoneum from the liver to the diaphragm?

A

Coronary L

90
Q

What ligaments surround the bare area of the liver (where liver contacts diaphragm without peritoneum)?

A

coronary L

91
Q

What ligament passes from the porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Hepatogastric L

92
Q

What ligaments passes from the porta hepatis of the liver to the 1st part of the duodenum?

A

Hepatoduodenal L

93
Q

What ligament contains the proper hepatic A, hepatic portal V, common bile duct, lymph vessels and hepatic nerves?

A

Hepatoduodenal L

94
Q

What ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastric L

hepatoduodenal L

95
Q

What is segment I of the liver?

A

caudate lobe

96
Q

What are the functional lobes of the liver divided by?

A

portal triad and blood supply

97
Q

What divides the functional R and L liver lobes?

A

cantile line

98
Q

What is segment II of the liver?

A

L posterior lateral

99
Q

What is segment III of the liver?

A

L anterior lateral

100
Q

What is segment IV of the liver?

A

left medial

101
Q

What is segment V of the liver?

A

R anterior medial

102
Q

What is segment VI of the liver?

A

R anterior lateral

103
Q

What is segment VII of the liver?

A

R posterior lateral

104
Q

What is segment VIII of the liver?

A

R posterior medial

105
Q

What composes the biliary system?

A

bile ducts and GB

106
Q

Describe the pathway of canaliculi–>bile duct

A

microscopic bile canaliculi–> interlobular bile ducts–> R and L hepatic ducts–> common hepatic duct–> joins cystic duct to form common bile duct

107
Q

What prevents pancreatic secretions from entering the biliary system?

A

sphincter in common bile duct

108
Q

What lies in the hepatic fossa and stores bile?

A

gallbladder

109
Q

What contact anterior abd wall at 9th costal cartilage?

A

gallbladder

110
Q

Where is peritoneum on the gallbladder?

A

posterior and inferior surfaces

111
Q

Where is the fundus of the gallbladder in relation to the liver?

A

projects below inferior border of the liver

112
Q

What are extrahepatic ducts?

A

R and L hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Common bile duct

113
Q

What does blockage of the cystic duct by gallstones result in?

A 
cholecystitis
biliary colic (spasmodic pain)
114
Q

What does blockage of the hepatopancreatic ampulla by gallstones cause?

A

pancreatitis

–>blocks both common bile duct and main pancreatic duct (bile backs up into pancreas)

115
Q

What lobe of liver is between the IVC and falciform L?

A

caudate lobe

116
Q

What lobe of liver is between the GB and falciform L?

A

quadrate lobe

GIGU (37 decks)

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