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GIGU > Histology of Esophagus, Stomach, SI, LI > Flashcards

Histology of Esophagus, Stomach, SI, LI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers from lumen to superficial of the GI tract?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia

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2
Q

What does the mucosal layer consist of?

A
  • lining epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosae
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3
Q

What is in the lamina propria?

A

lymphatic nodules, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophagaes

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4
Q

What is the fxn of the muscularis mucosae?

A

controls mobility of mucosa and glands

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5
Q

What is in the submucosal layer?

A
  • dense irregular CT

- glands present in esophagus and duodenum

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6
Q

What is the difference between adventitia and serosa?

A

Serosa: adventitia covered by mesothelium and suspended by mesentery/peritoneal fold

Adventitia: without mesothelial covering

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7
Q

What kind of epithelium is protective?

A

nonkeratinized stratified sqamous

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8
Q

Where would you find nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

oral cavity
pharynx
anal canal

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9
Q

What epithelium is secretory?

A

simple coumnar packed with glands

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10
Q

Where would you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

stomach

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11
Q

What epithelium is absorptive?

A

simple columnar with villi that contain crypts

–>glands in SI

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12
Q

What type of epithelium is absorptive and protective?

A

simple columnar arranged in closely packed glands with extensive goblet cells

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13
Q

Where is protective/absorptive epithelium found?

A

LI

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14
Q

Where is absorptive epithelium found?

A

SI

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15
Q

Does the esophagus have serosa or adventitia?

A

Both

thoracic= adventitia
inferior to diaphragm= serosa

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16
Q

Where are cardiac esophageal glands?

A

lamina propria of terminal esophagus

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17
Q

What cell types make up submucosal glands in the esophagus?

A

mucous and serous drained by single duct

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18
Q

Increased pressure in submucosal venous plexus of esophagus can cause __________-

A

esophageal varices

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19
Q

What type of muscle is the upper third esophagus?

A

skeletal

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20
Q

What type of muscle is middle third esophagus?

A

skeletal and smooth

21
Q

What type of muscle is lower third esophagus?

A

smooth

22
Q

Describe Barrett’s esophagus/metaplasia

A

d/t chronic GERD:

nonkeratinized stratified squamous becomes columnar mucus-secreting epithelium in TRANSITION ZONE

23
Q

How to identify stomach from esophagus

A

Transition from nonker strat sqamous to simple columnar with lots of glands and pits

24
Q

What protects the mucosal surface of the stomach?

A

gastric mucosal barrier

25
Q

What is stomach rugae (mucosal folds) sovered by?

A

gastric pits

26
Q

Does the stomach have adventitia or serosa?

A

serosa

27
Q

What cells make up the gastric glands?

A 
surface mucous
mucous neck
parietal (IF, HCl)
chief (pepsinogen, lipase)
G cell (gastrin)
28
Q

What cell is in the inferior regions of gastric glands, has abundant RER and secretory granules?

A

chief cells

29
Q

What cells is near neck of gastric gland, large, one or two central nuclei and intensely eosinophilic (pink)?

A

parietal cell

30
Q

What is the difference between cardiac and pyloric glands in histo?

A

cardiac are tubular and coiled–>appear circular in oblique sections

pyloric are mainly branched

31
Q

Where are plicae circulares visible?

A

jejunum, not really in ileum

32
Q

What are villi covered with?

A

simple columbar with enterocytes and goblet cells

33
Q

Where are lacteals?

A

lymph in the middle of villi in SI

34
Q

What are intestinal glands lined with ?

A

simple columnar epithelium

35
Q

What cells are in intestinal gland epithelium?

A

Enteroendocrine
Paneth
M (microfold)
Intestinal stem cells

36
Q

What cell secretes gastrin, secretin, GIP, motilin and CCK to help control gut motility?

A

enteroendocrine cell

37
Q

What is a pyramidal-shaped cell at the base of intestinal glands?

A

paneth cell

38
Q

What is the function of paneth cells?

A

innate immunity, secretes antimicrobial substances to regulate normal bacterial flora

39
Q

What reside in a niche at the crypt base, near Paneth cells?

A

intestinal stem cells

–>diff into goblet, enterocyte, and enteroendocrine cells

40
Q

What are locaed in ilea mucosa overlying peyer patches?

A

M cells

–>transport particles and microorganisms (gram -)

41
Q

What is the fxn of M cells?

A

internalize gram - bacteria and transfer to immune cells

–>fxn as Antigen-transporting cells

42
Q

How do you differentiate duodenum from pylorus?

A

abundant Brunner’s glands in submucosa, deep to muscularis mucosae, lots of deep villi

43
Q

What are the fxn of Brunner;s glands in submucosa of duodenum?

A

neutralize acidic chyme

44
Q

Are there submucosal glands in jejunum?

A

NO

45
Q

Where are long finger-like villi with lacteals located?

A

jejunum

46
Q

Where are peyer’s patches located?

A

ileum

–>circles under short villi (c/t jejunum)

47
Q

Hallmarks of LI

A
  • simple columnar epithelium with intestinal glands
  • goblet cells
  • NO intestinal villi
48
Q

Does the SI and LI have adventitia or serosa?

A

Serosa

49
Q

Describe anal transitional zone (AZT)

A

simple columnar epithelium–>stratified squamous epithelium

middle 1/3

GIGU (37 decks)

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