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Gastrointestinal > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

inferior border of T12 to upper border of L5 - vertebral bodies, vertebral discs and medial ends of transverse processes

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2
Q

What is the insertion of psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur (with iliacus)

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3
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A

Flexor of the hip/ flexor of the trunk

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4
Q

Where are the lumbar arteries and veins in relation to psoas?

A

Behind psoas

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5
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus in relation to psoas?

A

Within psoas

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6
Q

Where is the sympathetic trunk in relation to psoas?

A

Anterior surface of psoas

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7
Q

What is the origin of psoas minor?

A

T12 and L1

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8
Q

What is the insertion of psoas minor?

A

blends with periosteum of pelvis

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9
Q

What is the origin/insertions of quadratus lumborum?

A

12th rib, iliac crest, tips of transverse processes

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10
Q

What is the action of quadratus lumborum?

A

lateral flexor of the spine

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11
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa

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12
Q

What is the insertion of iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur with psoas

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior - anterior and middle are only in the thoracolumbar region

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14
Q

Where do the 3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia meet?

A

Along the line of the 12th rib

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15
Q

Where does the anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia originate?

A

The tip of the transverse process

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16
Q

Where does the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia originate?

A

The tip of the transverse process

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17
Q

Where does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia originate?

A

the tip of the spinous process

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18
Q

What is the space between the anterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

The anterior compartment - contains quadratus lumborum

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19
Q

What is the space between the middle and posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A

The posterior compartment - contains erector spinae

20
Q

What is a psoas abscess?

A

A lump on the thigh which has tracked down from the spine via psoas (from TB in the spine)

21
Q

At what level are the kidneys?

A

T12 to L3

22
Q

Which rib are the kidneys in front of?

A

The 12th rib

23
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

the right

24
Q

Why does the kidney move with respiration?

A

Because it is associated with the diaphragm

25
Q

What are the dimensions of the kidney?

A

10cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick

26
Q

What is the shape of the right adrenal gland?

A

Pyramidal

27
Q

What is the shape of the left adrenal gland?

A

crescent shaped (on superomedial aspect of kidney)

28
Q

What envelopes the kidney?

A

A fibrous capsule, perirenal fat and perirenal fascia

29
Q

What is on the inside of the kidney?

A

An outer cortex and an inner medulla

30
Q

In which direction does the hilum of the kidney face?

A

Anteromedially

31
Q

What is the order of structures entering the hilum from front to back?

A

Renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis

32
Q

What is the renal sinus?

A

A space just inside the hilum which is full of fat which embeds the structures entering the hilum

33
Q

What do the renal arteries branch off?

A

The abdominal aorta?

34
Q

How does the right renal artery get past the IVC to get to the kidney?

A

By going behind the IVC

35
Q

What does the renal artery divide into?

A

5 segmental arteries

36
Q

Why is there sometimes an additional renal artery?

A

Because during development the blood supply changes as the kidney changes position on the posterior abdominal wall - one of the earlier arteries may persist

37
Q

Where do the renal veins drain into?

A

The IVC

38
Q

How does the left renal vein get past the aorta to get to the IVC?

A

By going on top of the aorta

39
Q

Which artery hooks over the top of the left renal vein?

A

superior mesenteric artery

40
Q

How many major calyces unite to form the renal pelvis?

A

2-3

41
Q

How many minor calyces unite to form a major calyx?

A

2-3

42
Q

How many medullary pyramids do each minor calyx collect from?

A

1

43
Q

Which muscle does the ureter relate to?

A

Psoas major

44
Q

What site do you use radiologically to map the descent of the ureters?

A

The tips of the transverse processes

45
Q

What are the three sites of narrowing of the ureter?

A

At the beginning where it becomes the ureter, at the middle where it goes over the pelvic brim at at the end where it enters the bladder

Gastrointestinal (40 decks)

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