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Gastrointestinal > Eukaryotic Parasites 1 > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Parasites 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite?

A

a plant or animal that lives on or in another living organism on which it is metabolically dependent

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2
Q

What are ectoparasites?

A

parasites which get metabolic benefit from interaction with cutaneous surface - most are insects such as lice or arachnids such as mites and ticks

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3
Q

What is the definitive host?

A

the host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity

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4
Q

What is the intermediate host?

A

a host in which development occurs but the parasite does not reach sexual maturity

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5
Q

What is the paratenic host?

A

a host where the parasite does not undergo development

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6
Q

What is the reservoir host?

A

an animal that is infected with a parasite that also infects people

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7
Q

What are three species of lice?

A

pediculus humanis, p. capitis, phthirus pubis

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8
Q

What type of parasite are lice?

A

obligate blood sucking insect

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9
Q

What is an infection by live called?

A

pediculosis

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10
Q

What is the pediculus humanis?

A

A body louse that lives on body hair but lays eggs on clothing

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11
Q

What is the p. capitis?

A

A head louse - lays eggs at the base of hair stalks

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12
Q

What is p. pubis?

A

a pubic louse - can only attach and lady eggs on oval shaped hairs so can’t infect the head

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13
Q

What is the life cycle of p. capitis?

A

louse emerges from the egg, goes through malting, becomes sexually mature and reproduces and then lays eggs on the hair shaft - whole life cycle on the hair

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14
Q

What is irritant about lice?

A

Both the lice themselves and their malt

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15
Q

What is the distribution of lice?

A

worldwide

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16
Q

What is the treatment of lice?

A

topical insecticides

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17
Q

What is sarcoptes scabei?

A

A type of mite - causes scabies - an arachnid not an insect

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18
Q

Where do scabies typically infect?

A

They form tunnels in the epidermis of finger webs, elbows, axillae, genitals

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19
Q

How are scabies spread?

A

Contact

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20
Q

What is the life cycle of scabies?

A

adult females deposit eggs as they burrow, eggs hatch and release larvae, larvae malt and mature into adults to lay eggs again - eggs are transferred by scratching area around the burrow

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21
Q

What is the distribution of scabies?

A

worldwide

22
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

ivermectin or topical scabicides - and hot water wash clothing and bedding to avoid reinfection

23
Q

Why are ticks important in disease?

A

Because they are a vector for many infectious diseases

24
Q

What direct disease can ticks cause?

A

paralysis - either localised or generalised ascending

25
Q

Are humans the natural host for ticks?

A

no

26
Q

How is paralysis from ticks treated?

A

Removal of tick

27
Q

What are protozoa?

A

Single cells organisms that are mainly non parasitic

28
Q

Why are protozoa not truly parasitic?

A

because they can live outside the host

29
Q

What are the two forms the protozoa exist as?

A

trophozoites and cysts

30
Q

What is entamoeba histolytica?

A

an amoeba which invades the colon but can spread through the blood to the brain or liver and cause abscess

31
Q

How is entamoeba transferred?

A

fecal-oral transmission - ingested as cysts

32
Q

What is the distribution of entameoba histolytica?

A

worldwide - but unlikely in places with sewage treatment

33
Q

What are the symptoms of infection by entameoba histolytica?

A

prolonged watery diarrhoea or may present as more acute bloody diarrhoea - or mate present with symptoms of abscess

34
Q

What is the treatment for entameoba histolytica?

A

metronidozole and paromomycin and drainage of abscess

35
Q

Do humans develop immunity to entameoba histolytica?

A

very little

36
Q

What is giardia intestinalis?

A

a flagellate protozoa parasite that causes diarrhoea and malabsorption

37
Q

How is giardia intestinalis spread?

A

Either via fecal-oral transmission or zoonotic transmission (e.g. possums contaminating rainwater tanks)

38
Q

What is the distribution of giardia intestinalis?

A

worldwide

39
Q

What is the treatment of giardia intestinalis?

A

tinidazole

40
Q

How is giardia intestinalis diagnosed?

A

microscopy of faeces to look or cysts or serological test of feaces

41
Q

Do humans develop an immunity to giardia intestinalis?

A

No

42
Q

What is toxoplasma gondii?

A

an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect all mammals and many birds

43
Q

What is the clinical presentation of toxoplasma gondii?

A

In people with a normal immune system there is insignificant presentation - mild cervical lymphadenopathy and mild fever that is self resolving

44
Q

Who is at risk with a toxoplasma gondii infection?

A

immunocompromised patients - can cause CNS lesions or ocular disease and can be fatal

45
Q

How do you get an infection with toxoplasma gondii?

A

usually from undercooked meat

46
Q

How long does an infection of toxoplasma gondii last?

A

it is lifelong

47
Q

In what animals do toxoplasma gondii sexually reproduce?

A

cats

48
Q

Why should pregnant women avoid infection?

A

Because an acute infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or foetal abnormalities

49
Q

What is the distribution of toxoplasma gondii?

A

worldwide

50
Q

What is the treatment of toxoplasma gondii?

A

In an immunocompromised patient use bactrim

Gastrointestinal (40 decks)

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