Abdominal Viscera 2 Flashcards
What is the appendix?
A narrow tube containing lymphoid nodules at the base of the caecum where the 3 tenia coli meet
What is the position of the tip of the appendix?
Variable - most commonly retrocaecal
What are the four parts of the colon?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
What is the junction between the ascending colon and transverse colon?
Hepatic flexure
What is the junction between the transverse colon and descending colon?
Splenic flexure
What is the muscle of the rectum?
Redevelops one continuous longitudinal muscle coat - no tenia coli
In which quadrant is the liver?
RUQ
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?
diaphragmatic surface and visceral surface
What demarcates the two surfaces?
The inferior margin of the liver
What divides the diaphragmatic surface into 2 lobes?
The falciform ligament
What is the falciform ligament?
A double fold of peritoneum from the anterior abdominal wall
What runs in the free inferior edge of the falciform ligament?
The ligamentum teres (the obliterated umbilical vein)
What divides the visceral surface of the liver into 4 lobes?
a H shape
What is the cross piece of the H?
The hilum of the liver
What are the four lobes of the visceral surface of the liver?
The left lobe, the right lobe, the quadrate lobe and caudate lobe
What is between the right lobe and the quadrate lobe?
The gall bladder
What is between the left lobe and the quadrate lobe?
The ligamentum teres
What is the between the right lobe and the caudate lobe?
The IVC
What is between the left lobe and the caudate lobe?
The ligamentum venosum
What structures enter at the hilum of the liver from anterior to posterior?
hepatic duct, hepatic artery, portal vein
Where are the portal triad transmitted through?
The free edge of the lesser omentum
What is the venous drainage of the liver?
The hepatic vein - comes straight out of liver into the IVC - doesn’t go through hilum
What is the cystic duct?
The duct from the gall bladder containing bile
What is the common hepatic duct?
The duct from the liver - combination of the left and right hepatic duct
What is the common bile duct?
The cystic duct and the common hepatic duct
What is the path of the common bile duct?
Descends in the free edge of the lesser omentum,slips behind the first part of the duodenum and then behind the head of the pancreas and then empties in the major duodenal papilla
What is the sphincter of odi?
The sphincter around the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct at the major duodenal papilla - allows bile to back up into the gall bladder
What are the features of the gall bladder?
A fundus, body and neck
What are the features of the pancreas?
Head, neck, body and tail
What is the uncinate process?
A wedge shaped projection of the head of the pancreas
Where is the neck of the pancreas?
Deep to the pylorus, over the vertebral column, IVC and aorta
Where is the body of the pancreas?
Above the DJ flexure, over the vertebral column, IVC and aorta
Where is the tail of the pancreas?
At the hilum of the spleen
Where does the principle pancreatic duct drain from and into?
From the tail into the major duodenal pailla
Where does the accessory pancreatic duct drain from and into?
From the lower part of the head and uncinate process into the minor duodenal papilla
In what quadrant is the spleen?
LUQ
What are the two surfaces of the spleen?
Diaphragmatic surface and visceral surface
What demarcates the two surfaces?
A notched line
What structures enter at the hilum of the spleen?
Splenic artery and splenic vein
Which ribs is the spleen associated with?
Ribs 9, 10, 11
