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Gastrointestinal > Gastrointestinal Histology > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common structural features of the GIT?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia, neurons and immune cells

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2
Q

Which is the best structural feature to look at to determine which part of the GIT you’re in?

A

The mucosa

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3
Q

What is the mucosa?

A

The innermost layer of the GIT

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?

A

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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5
Q

What type of epithelium is in the mucosa?

A

simple columnar or stratified squamous

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6
Q

What is the lamina propria of the mucosa?

A

Loose connective tissue with nerves, blood vessels and immune cells

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7
Q

What type of muscle is in the muscularis mucosae?

A

a thin layer of smooth muscle - for mixing

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8
Q

At which part of the gut is there stratified squamous epithelium in the mucosa?

A

The oesophagus and the anus

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9
Q

At which part of the gut does the mucosa have a secretory structure?

A

The stomach and the large intestine - there are big pits of glands for secretion

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10
Q

At which part of the gut does the mucosa have an absorptive structure?

A

The small intestine - the mucosa has lots of folds

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11
Q

What is the submucosa?

A

A layer of dense, irregular connective tissue adjacent to the mucosa

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12
Q

What is the function of the submucosa?

A

Elasticity and structural support

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13
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Nerves, small ganglia, blood vessels and sometimes glands and immune cells

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14
Q

What is the muscularis externa?

A

2 layers of muscle adjacent to the submucosa

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15
Q

What are the 2 layers of muscle?

A

The inner is circumferential and the outer is longitudinal

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16
Q

Where in the GIT is there 3 layers of muscle in the muscularis externa?

A

In the stomach

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17
Q

What ganglia are between the 2 layers of muscle?

A

The myenteric ganglia

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18
Q

What is the serosa/adventitia?

A

The outer surface of the gut

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19
Q

What is serosa?

A

A fluid secreting simple squamous epithelium to allow organ movement plus a thin layer of connective tissue

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20
Q

What is adventitia?

A

connective tissue joining GIT with surrounding structures e.g. at the oesophagus and rectum

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21
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

The nervous system of the gut

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22
Q

What is the role of the myenteric ganglia?

A

To control smooth muscle activity

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23
Q

What is the role of the sub mucous ganglia?

A

To regulate absorptive and secretory processes

24
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the oesophagus?

A

non-keratinised squamous epithelium

25
Q

What are the two types of muscle in the oesophagus?

A

Striated at the top where contraction is voluntary and smooth at the bottom where contraction is involuntary

26
Q

What is the z line?

A

The transition from oesophagus to stomach

27
Q

How many layers of muscle are there in the stomach?

A

3

28
Q

In what direction is the 3rd layer of muscle?

A

Oblique

29
Q

What do mucous cells secrete?

A

mucous

30
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

hydrochloric acid

31
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

32
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

gastrin

33
Q

Where in the gland are mucous cells?

A

At the surface and the neck of the gland

34
Q

Where in the gland are parietal cells?

A

Scattered throughout the gland (except not at the top)

35
Q

Where in the gland are chief cells?

A

at the base

36
Q

Where in the gland are enteroendocrine cells?

A

very few throughout the base and neck

37
Q

Can the different secretory cells be differentiated on a H&E stain?

A

No

38
Q

How are the 3 regions of small intestine distinguished on H&E stain?

A

Their mucosa

39
Q

What is plica circulares?

A

The macroscopically visible folded surface

40
Q

What is a villus?

A

The folding on the plica circulares

41
Q

What is a microvilli?

A

The folded surface on the enterocyte

42
Q

What are the crypts of leiberkuhn?

A

The lumen between the villi where the glands empty into

43
Q

What type of epithelium is there in the small intestine?

A

simple columnar

44
Q

What cels are present in the epithelium of the small intestine?

A

enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, paneth cells, stem cells

45
Q

What are paneth cells?

A

cells which secrete antimicrobial peptides

46
Q

What is in the lamina propria of the small intestine?

A

connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph and immune cells as well as extensions of the muscularis mucosae to move the villi

47
Q

What is the distinctive feature of the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s glands

48
Q

What are Brunner’s glands?

A

coiled glands in the submucosa that release alkaline mucus to negative acid from the stomach

49
Q

What is the distinctive feature of the ileum?

A

Peyer’s patches

50
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

aggregates of lymph tissue in the submucosa

51
Q

What is the taeniae coli?

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle in the large intestine

52
Q

Can the regions of the large intestine be distinguished histologically?

A

No

53
Q

What does the mucosa of the large intestine look like?

A

There are no villi, long pits of glands and a layer of simple columnar epithelium

54
Q

What cells are present in the epithelium of the large intestine?

A

enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, stem cells

55
Q

Are there more goblet cells in the small intestine or large intestine?

A

Large intestine

Gastrointestinal (40 decks)

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