Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal > Infectious Causes of Hepatitis 1 > Flashcards

Infectious Causes of Hepatitis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does acute hepatitis last?

A

weeks to months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of acute hepatitis?

A

non specific flu like symptoms, jaundice, dark urine, pale faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does chronic hepatitis last?

A

years to a lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic hepatitis?

A

general malaise with progression to cirrhosis and possibly liver cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is fulminant hepatitis?

A

very quick necrosis of hepatic tissue - leads to death due to acute liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes the liver damage?

A

The immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does exposure to hepatitis early in life mean?

A

The acute disease will be less severe but there are higher rates of chronic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If you immunised against one hepatitis virus are you immunised against them all?

A

No - the viruses are unrelated and so there is no cross protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which hepatitis viruses cause chronic infection?

A

HBV and HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the route of transmission for hepatitis A and E?

A

faecal oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of infection is caused by hepatitis A and E?

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are hepatitis A and E prevented?

A

sanitation and also immunisation for A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What areas have the highest prevalence for hepatitis A?

A

Areas of poor sanitation - Asia, Africa, South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which area of Australia has the highs prevalence of hepatitis A?

A

indigenous communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To what family does the hepatitis A virus belong?

A

picornaviridae family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

To what genus does the hepatitis A virus belong?

A

hepatovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the structure of the hepatitis A virus?

A

non-enveloped + sense ssRNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do hepatitis A and E replicated?

A

Both in the intestinal epithelia and in hepatocytes

20
Q

How is hepatitis A and E excreted?

A

In the bile which goes into the faeces

21
Q

Is there perinatal transmission of hepatitis A and E?

A

No

22
Q

What does liver enzyme ALT indicate?

A

The presence of replicating virus

23
Q

Which antibodies are present in response to hepatitis A and E?

A

IgM first then IgG

24
Q

How is acute viral hepatitis diagnosed?

A

serological tests or nucleic acid tests

25
Q

How can you tell in a serological test if the infection is acute?

A

Either by the presence of IgM antibodies or a rising titre of IgG antibodies

26
Q

What is the incubation period of hepatitis A?

A

on average 30 days

27
Q

What are the complications of hepatitis A?

A

fulminant hepatitis or cholestatic hepatitis

28
Q

Can hepatitis A become a chronic infection?

A

no

29
Q

How long do the symptoms of hepatitis A last?

A

2-3 weeks

30
Q

What is the treatment for hepatitis A?

A

supportive rehydration and nutrition

31
Q

How effective is the hepatitis A vaccine?

A

100% effective after 2 doses

32
Q

Why is the hepatitis A vaccine expensive to produce?

A

Because it has to be in diploid cells and has to have testing to check that the virus is fully inactivated

33
Q

What family does the hepatitis E virus belong to?

A

Hepeviridae

34
Q

What genus does the hepatitis E virus belong to?

A

hepevirus

35
Q

What is the structure of the hepatitis E virus?

A

Non enveloped icosahedral with + sense ssRNA

36
Q

Which of hepatitis E and hepatitis A viruses is more fragile in the environment?

A

hepatitis E

37
Q

What is the distribution of hepatitis E virus?

A

Asia, Africa and Central America

38
Q

What is the incubation period for hepatitis E?

A

40 days

39
Q

Which group of patients have increased risk of fatality from hepatitis E?

A

pregnant women

40
Q

Can hepatitis E lead to a chronic infection?

A

no

41
Q

Is there a vaccine currently for hepatitis E?

A

No

42
Q

What are the symptoms of hepatitis E?

A

jaundice, malaise, anorexia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, nausea and vomiting, fever, pruritus

43
Q

What is the lab diagnosis of hepatitis E?

A

serology, nucleic acid tests, and cultured in vitro

44
Q

What is the treatment for hepatitis E?

A

supportive therapy - no antiviral available

45
Q

Is immune serum globulin therapy effective to prevent hepatitis A and E?

A

A yes but E no

46
Q

Is a vaccine possible for hepatitis E?

A

Yes - it is a good prospect because it can be cultured in vitro

Gastrointestinal (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions