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Gastrointestinal > Abdominal Viscera 1 > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm long

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2
Q

At what level does the oesophagus begin?

A

C6

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3
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

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4
Q

What is the Z line?

A

The site where the inner mucosa changes from stratified squamous epithelium to stomach mucosa

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5
Q

What are the 3 sites of narrowing in the oesophagus?

A

upper oesophageal sphincter, aortic arch and LMB, diaphragmatic orifice

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the oesophagus?

A

Cervical, thoracic, abdominal

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply for the cervical oesophagus?

A

inferior thyroid artery

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8
Q

What is the venous drainage for the cervical oesophagus?

A

brachiocephalic system

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9
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage for the cervical oesophagus?

A

deep cervical nodes

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply for the thoracic oesophagus?

A

oesophageal branches from the aorta

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thoracic oesophagus?

A

azygous vein

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12
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage for the thoracic oesophagus?

A

mediastinal nodes

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply for the abdominal oesophagus?

A

left gastric artery

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14
Q

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

A

left gastric vein (portal)

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15
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?

A

pre-aortic nodes

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16
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Where the stomach is pulled up through the diaphragmatic orifice

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17
Q

What is a paraoesophageal hernia?

A

Where the top of the stomach goes through the diaphragmatic orifice next to the oesophagus

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18
Q

Which type of hernia is more common?

A

sliding

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19
Q

In which quadrant is the stomach?

A

The LUQ

20
Q

What is the cardiac orifice?

A

Where the oesophagus opens in to the stomach

21
Q

What is the fundus?

A

The dome shaped part of the stomach which projects above the cardiac orifice and sits under the left dome of the diaphragm

22
Q

What is the body of the stomach?

A

The stomach from the cardiac orifice to the angular notch

23
Q

What is the pyloric antrum?

A

The funnel end of the stomach which narrows down to the pyloric canal

24
Q

What is the pyloric canal?

A

The lumen which connects the stomach to the duodenum

25
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

The sphincter around the pyloric canal - controls the flow of gastric contents

26
Q

What are rugae?

A

Longitudinal mucosal folds that line the stomach

27
Q

How long is the duodenum?

A

10 inches

28
Q

How many parts is the duodenum divided into?

A

4

29
Q

How long are the parts of the duodenum?

A

2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, 1 inch

30
Q

What is the path of the 1st part of the duodenum?

A

Heads back towards the posterior abdominal wall to become retroperitoneal and lies on right psoas medial to the right kidney

31
Q

What is the path of the 2nd part of the duodenum?

A

Vertical descent next to the head of the pancreas and hilum of the right kidney on psoas major

32
Q

What is the path of the 3rd part of the duodenum?

A

Goes from right psoas to left psoas, crosses in front of the lumbar vertebral column, aorta and IVC

33
Q

What is the path of the 4th part of the duodenum?

A

Curves anteriorly on left psoas

34
Q

Where is the is the major duodenal papilla?

A

Halfway down the 2nd part of the duodenum

35
Q

Where is the minor duodenal papilla?

A

One inch above the major duodenal papilla

36
Q

How long is the jejunum and ileum?

A

4-6m

37
Q

What percentage is the jejunum?

A

40%

38
Q

What quadrant is the jejunum in?

A

The LUQ

39
Q

What quadrant is the ileum in?

A

RLQ

40
Q

How can you distinguish the jejunum and the ileum?

A

The jejunum has a thicker wall, less fat in the mesentery, longer vasa recta and fewer arterial arcades

41
Q

What muscle is around the jejunum and ileum?

A

An outer continuous longitudinal coat and circular smooth muscle on the inside

42
Q

How long are the large intestines?

A

1.5m

43
Q

What is tenia coli?

A

3 bands on longitudinal muscle on the outer coat of large intestines

44
Q

What are haustrations?

A

The gatherings of the mucosal tube because of the tenia coli

45
Q

What are epiploic appendices?

A

Fat tags that hang off the large intestine

46
Q

What is the caecum?

A

The pouch of the large intestine below the ileocaecal junction

Gastrointestinal (40 decks)

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