Abdominal Viscera 1 Flashcards
How long is the oesophagus?
25cm long
At what level does the oesophagus begin?
C6
At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10
What is the Z line?
The site where the inner mucosa changes from stratified squamous epithelium to stomach mucosa
What are the 3 sites of narrowing in the oesophagus?
upper oesophageal sphincter, aortic arch and LMB, diaphragmatic orifice
What are the 3 parts of the oesophagus?
Cervical, thoracic, abdominal
What is the arterial supply for the cervical oesophagus?
inferior thyroid artery
What is the venous drainage for the cervical oesophagus?
brachiocephalic system
What is the lymphatic drainage for the cervical oesophagus?
deep cervical nodes
What is the arterial supply for the thoracic oesophagus?
oesophageal branches from the aorta
What is the venous drainage of the thoracic oesophagus?
azygous vein
What is the lymphatic drainage for the thoracic oesophagus?
mediastinal nodes
What is the arterial supply for the abdominal oesophagus?
left gastric artery
What is the venous drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?
left gastric vein (portal)
What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal oesophagus?
pre-aortic nodes
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
Where the stomach is pulled up through the diaphragmatic orifice
What is a paraoesophageal hernia?
Where the top of the stomach goes through the diaphragmatic orifice next to the oesophagus
Which type of hernia is more common?
sliding
In which quadrant is the stomach?
The LUQ
What is the cardiac orifice?
Where the oesophagus opens in to the stomach
What is the fundus?
The dome shaped part of the stomach which projects above the cardiac orifice and sits under the left dome of the diaphragm
What is the body of the stomach?
The stomach from the cardiac orifice to the angular notch
What is the pyloric antrum?
The funnel end of the stomach which narrows down to the pyloric canal
What is the pyloric canal?
The lumen which connects the stomach to the duodenum
What is the pyloric sphincter?
The sphincter around the pyloric canal - controls the flow of gastric contents
What are rugae?
Longitudinal mucosal folds that line the stomach
How long is the duodenum?
10 inches
How many parts is the duodenum divided into?
4
How long are the parts of the duodenum?
2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, 1 inch
What is the path of the 1st part of the duodenum?
Heads back towards the posterior abdominal wall to become retroperitoneal and lies on right psoas medial to the right kidney
What is the path of the 2nd part of the duodenum?
Vertical descent next to the head of the pancreas and hilum of the right kidney on psoas major
What is the path of the 3rd part of the duodenum?
Goes from right psoas to left psoas, crosses in front of the lumbar vertebral column, aorta and IVC
What is the path of the 4th part of the duodenum?
Curves anteriorly on left psoas
Where is the is the major duodenal papilla?
Halfway down the 2nd part of the duodenum
Where is the minor duodenal papilla?
One inch above the major duodenal papilla
How long is the jejunum and ileum?
4-6m
What percentage is the jejunum?
40%
What quadrant is the jejunum in?
The LUQ
What quadrant is the ileum in?
RLQ
How can you distinguish the jejunum and the ileum?
The jejunum has a thicker wall, less fat in the mesentery, longer vasa recta and fewer arterial arcades
What muscle is around the jejunum and ileum?
An outer continuous longitudinal coat and circular smooth muscle on the inside
How long are the large intestines?
1.5m
What is tenia coli?
3 bands on longitudinal muscle on the outer coat of large intestines
What are haustrations?
The gatherings of the mucosal tube because of the tenia coli
What are epiploic appendices?
Fat tags that hang off the large intestine
What is the caecum?
The pouch of the large intestine below the ileocaecal junction
