Posterior abdominal viscera and wall

Question 1

Paranephric fat

Answer 1

located external to the renal fascia- the extraperitoneal fat of the lumbar region most obvious posterior to the kidney

Question 2

Renal fascia

Answer 2

a membranous layer that encloses the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and perinephric fat, sends collagen bundles thru the connective tissue

Question 3

Perinephric fat

Answer 3

surrounds the kidneys and their vessels

Question 4

Psoas major

Answer 4

insertion-lesser trochanter of femur
function-with iliacus, flexes the thigh and trunk
laterally bends the vertebral column
when sitting acts with iliacus to flex trunk

Question 5

Iliacus

Answer 5

insertion- lesser trochanter of femur
function- with psoas major, flexes the thigh and stabilizes the hip joint

Question 6

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 6

extends from the inferior border of the 12th rib and tips of the lumber transverse processes to iliac crest
functions- extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column

Question 7

Paired arteries in posterior abdominal wall

Answer 7

inferior phrenic
suprarenal
renal
gonadal
lumbar
common iliac

Question 8

venous drainage of posterior abdominal wall

Answer 8

Major tributaries of IVC:
right gonadal vein
right and left renal veins
right and left common iliac veins
hepatic veins
Tributaries of the left renal vein:
left gonadal vein

Question 9

Lumbar plexus

Answer 9

network of nerves composed of anterior rami of L1-L4 nerves
forms in the posterior part of psoas major
provides general sensory and motor innervation to skin and muscles

Question 10

iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal

Answer 10

to abdominal muscles and skin of the pubic and inguinal regions

Question 11

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 11

to skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh

Question 12

Genitofemoral

Answer 12

motor to the cremaster muscle and sensory to skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament

Question 13

Obturator

Answer 13

to thigh adductor muscles

Question 14

Femoral

Answer 14

to hip flexor and knee extensor muscles

Question 15

Lumbosacral trunk

Answer 15

participates in the formation of the sacral plexus with the anterior rami of S1-S4 nerves

Question 16

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Answer 16

rupture of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta causes severe pain in the abdomen or back
if unrecognized, approx. 90% mortality rate due to heavy blood loss