Blood supply of the head and neck

Question 1

Vertebral arteries

Answer 1

supply posterior brain
unite to form the basilar artery off of which comes the posterior cerebral artery

Question 2

External carotid arteries

Answer 2

supply most structures external to the cranium by sending multiple branches to target organs

Question 3

Internal carotid arteries

Answer 3

no branches in the neck
supply the orbits and most of the brain

Question 4

Ophthalmic artery

Answer 4

gives arterial blood supply to the orbit

Question 5

Central retinal artery

Answer 5

a terminal branch
occlusion results in instant blindness

Question 6

External carotid artery branches

Answer 6

superior thyroid
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
ascending pharyngeal
superficial temporal
maxillary

Question 7

Carotid body

Answer 7

mass of tissue containing chemoreceptors that monitor oxygen and carbon dioxide blood levels

Question 8

Carotid sinus

Answer 8

an area in the wall of the artery with baroreceptors that function to monitor blood pressure

Question 9

Internal jugular veins

Answer 9

drain almost all of the blood from the brain via the dural sinuses, anterior face, cervical viscera, and deep muscles of the neck

Question 10

External jugular veins

Answer 10

drain parts of the scalp and face

Question 11

Dural sinuses

Answer 11

interconnected series of channels in the skull that lie between the 2 layers of cranial dura mater

Question 12

Cavernous sinus

Answer 12

located lateral to the sell turcica
receive blood from the ophthalmic veins

Question 13

Cranial meniges

Answer 13

coverings of the brain that lie directly internal to the cranium
protect the brain, form support framework for arteries, veins, and sinuses, and enclosed a fluid-filled area

Question 14

Dural infoldings

Answer 14

internal meningeal layer of dura reflects away from the periosteal layer to form dural infoldings or reflections that divide the cranial cavity and support parts of the brain

Question 15

Falx cerebri

Answer 15

largest, separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 16

separates the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Question 17

Falx cerebelli

Answer 17

partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 18

Dura-cranium interface (epidural)

Answer 18

not a natural space between the skull and external periosteal layer of dura as the dua tightly adheres to the bones
becomes a space only pathologically
ex. when blood from torn meningeal vessels pushes the periosteum away from the cranium

Question 19

Dura arachnoid junction (subdural)

Answer 19

not a natural space between the dura and arachnoid
a space may physically develop as a result of trauma

Question 20

Subarachnoid space

Answer 20

a real space between the arachnoid and pia that contains CSF, cerebral arteries, and veins that drain into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 21

Extradural (epidural) hemorrhage

Answer 21

is arterial in origin
blood is torn branches of the middle meningeal artery collects between the external periosteal layer of the dura and the calvaria following a hard blow to the head and compresses the brain

Question 22

Dural border hematoma (subdural hematoma)

Answer 22

Blood does not collect into a preexisting space but rather creates a space at the dura-arachnoid junction

Question 23

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 23

typically involves an escape of arterial blood into the subarachnoid space