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Anatomy > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

The bony orbits are bounded by

A

medially- ethmoid paranasal sinuses
inferiorly- maxillary paranasal sinuses

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2
Q

Accessory structures of the eye

A

eyebrows
eyelids

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3
Q

Eyelids

A

separated by a palpebral fissure and reinforced by dense CT
Levator palpebrae superioris lifts the superior eyelid
orbicularis oculi closes the eyelid

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4
Q

Conjunctiva

A

a transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surfaces of the eyelids and anterior surface of the eyeball

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5
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

keep the surface of the eyelid moist

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6
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

produces lacrimal fluid, lies in a fossa in the superolateral orbit

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7
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

convey fluid to the conjunctival sac

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8
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

connect to the nasolacrimal duct- a passage that conveys lacrimal fluid to the nasal cavity

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9
Q

Lacrimal production is stimulated by parasympathetic impulses of

A

CN VII

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10
Q

7 extra-ocular muscles of the orbit

A

levator palebrae superioris
4 recti- superior, inferior, medial, and lateral
2 obliques- superior and inferior

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11
Q

Common tendinous ring

A

origin of the 4 recti
surrounds the optic canal

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12
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

elevates the superior eyelid
innervated by CN III

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13
Q

4 recti muscles

A

mainly run anteriorly to attach to the superior, inferior, medial, and lateral aspects of the eyeball

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14
Q

Superior oblique

A

originates posteriorly, runs anteriorly along the medial orbital wall, and loops thru the trochlea in the anteromedial part of the orbital roof insert on the posterolateral eye surface
out and down

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15
Q

Inferior oblique

A

abducts and elevates the pupil
out and up

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16
Q

Nerves of orbit

A

general sensory- CN V1
Special sensory- CN II for vision
brachial motor- CN VII to orbicularis oculi
somatic motor- CN III, CN IV, CN VI

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17
Q

arteries of the orbit

A

receives arterial blood supply from branches of the ophthalmic artery off the internal carotid artery
the central retinal artery is a terminal branch

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18
Q

Nasal cavity

A

lined with mucosa continuous with the lining of all chambers that communicate with the nasal cavity
Nasopharynx posteriorly
paranasal sinuses superiorly and laterally
lacrimal sac and conjunctiva superiorly

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19
Q

Nasal cavity boundaries

A

roof (frontal)-
ethmoid
sphenoid bones
floor-
maxilla
palatine
lateral walls-
nasal conchae

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20
Q

Lateral nasal wall

A

3 mucosa covered scrolls of bone form the lateral nasal walls-
superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

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21
Q

Paranasal air sinuses

A

air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity located within the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary

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22
Q

spheno-ethmoidal recess

A

opening of the sphenoidal sinus

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23
Q

Superior meatus

A

entrance to the posterior ethmoidal sinuses

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24
Q

Middle meatus

A

entrance to the frontal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses

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25
Q

Inferior meatus

A

opening of the nasolacrimal duct

26
Q

CN I

A

special sensory- olfactory epithelium covers the superior nasal concha and superior portions of the nasal septum

27
Q

CN V1 and 2

A

general sensory- to the nasal mucosa and palate via the nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves
Visceral motor- post-synaptic parasympathetics to glands in the mucosa

28
Q

Oral region

A

includes oral cavity, teeth, gums, tongue, palate, and region of the palatine tonsils

29
Q

2 parts of the oral cavity

A

oral vestibule
oral cavity proper

30
Q

Oral fissure is controlled by

A

orbicularis oris

31
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity proper

A

laterally and anteriorly- upper and lower dental arcades
roof- palate, posterior communication with the oropharynx

32
Q

Palate

A

arched roof of the oral cavity proper and floor of the nasal cavity

33
Q

Hard palate

A

formed by parts of the maxillae and palatine bones
covered by a mucous membrane

34
Q

Soft palate

A

movable posterior 1/3 of the palate
extends postero-inferiorly as a curved free margin with a conical process- uvula

35
Q

Tongue

A

a mobile muscular organ found partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx

36
Q

Tongue functions

A

assists in mastication, taste, swallowing, speech, and oral cleaning

37
Q

Tongue muscles

A

extrinsic muscles- genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus

38
Q

Motor innervation of the tongue

A

all tongue muscles are supplied by CN XII except the palatoglossus

39
Q

Salivary glands

A

includes the large parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

40
Q

Salivary glands function

A

keep the oral mucous membranes moist, lubricate food during mastication, begin starch digestion, assist in preventing tooth decay, support the ability to taste

41
Q

muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoids
innervated by mandibular nerve CN V3

42
Q

Temporalis

A

elevates the mandible
closing the jaw
retracts the mandible

43
Q

Masseter

A

elevates the mandible
helps protrude the mandible

44
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

acting bilaterally
protracts the mandible and depresses the chin
acting unilaterally
swings the jaw to the contralateral side

45
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

acts with the masseter to elevate the mandible
assists in protrusion

46
Q

Ear

A

a receptor organ for both hearing and equilibrium

47
Q

External ear

A

functions in hearing
transference of sound to the internal ear

48
Q

Middle ear

A

functions in hearing

49
Q

Internal ear

A

participates in both hearing and equilibrium

50
Q

Auricle

A

elastic cartilage

51
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

a short canal running medially from the auricle to the tympanic membrane and conducting sound waves

52
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

forms the boundary between the external and middle ear
typically translucent and pearly grey
moves in response to air vibrations that pass to it thru the external acoustic meatus

53
Q

Tympanic membrane innervation

A

external surface- auriculotemporal nerve CN V3
small area supplied by CN X
internal surface CN IX

54
Q

Middle ear

A

a narrow, air-filled space lined by a mucous membrane
located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone

55
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

malleus
incus
stapes

56
Q

Stapedius and tensor tympani muscles

A

damped or resist movement of the ossicles

57
Q

Pharyntympanic tube

A

Connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx where it opens posterior to the inferior nasal meatus

58
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube structure

A

posterolateral 1/3 is bony
remainder of the tube is cartilaginous
lined with a mucous membrane continuous with the lining of the nasopharynx

59
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube function

A

equalize pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere pressure to allow free movement of the tympanic membrane

60
Q

Internal ear

A

contains the vestibulocochlear organ- sound reception and balance maintenance

61
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

CN VIII passes thru the internal acoustic meatus and divides near the lateral end of the meatus into two parts-
cochlear nerve for hearing
vestibular nerve for equilibrium

62
Q

Sound transmission thru the ear

A

Sound waves enter the external ear and strike tympanic membrane
vibrations are transmitted thru the ossicles
the best of stapes vibrates in the oval window which transmits amplified vibrational energy to the fluids of the cochlea
vibrations from the stapes at the oval window are transmitted thru the perilymph chamber to the cochlear duct where CN VIII
vibrations are dissipated back into the middle ear cavity at the round window

Anatomy (10 decks)

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