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Anatomy > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

The bony orbits are bounded by

A

medially- ethmoid paranasal sinuses
inferiorly- maxillary paranasal sinuses

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2
Q

Accessory structures of the eye

A

eyebrows
eyelids

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3
Q

Eyelids

A

separated by a palpebral fissure and reinforced by dense CT
Levator palpebrae superioris lifts the superior eyelid
orbicularis oculi closes the eyelid

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4
Q

Conjunctiva

A

a transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surfaces of the eyelids and anterior surface of the eyeball

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5
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

keep the surface of the eyelid moist

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6
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

produces lacrimal fluid, lies in a fossa in the superolateral orbit

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7
Q

Lacrimal ducts

A

convey fluid to the conjunctival sac

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8
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

connect to the nasolacrimal duct- a passage that conveys lacrimal fluid to the nasal cavity

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9
Q

Lacrimal production is stimulated by parasympathetic impulses of

A

CN VII

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10
Q

7 extra-ocular muscles of the orbit

A

levator palebrae superioris
4 recti- superior, inferior, medial, and lateral
2 obliques- superior and inferior

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11
Q

Common tendinous ring

A

origin of the 4 recti
surrounds the optic canal

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12
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

elevates the superior eyelid
innervated by CN III

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13
Q

4 recti muscles

A

mainly run anteriorly to attach to the superior, inferior, medial, and lateral aspects of the eyeball

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14
Q

Superior oblique

A

originates posteriorly, runs anteriorly along the medial orbital wall, and loops thru the trochlea in the anteromedial part of the orbital roof insert on the posterolateral eye surface
out and down

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15
Q

Inferior oblique

A

abducts and elevates the pupil
out and up

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16
Q

Nerves of orbit

A

general sensory- CN V1
Special sensory- CN II for vision
brachial motor- CN VII to orbicularis oculi
somatic motor- CN III, CN IV, CN VI

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17
Q

arteries of the orbit

A

receives arterial blood supply from branches of the ophthalmic artery off the internal carotid artery
the central retinal artery is a terminal branch

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18
Q

Nasal cavity

A

lined with mucosa continuous with the lining of all chambers that communicate with the nasal cavity
Nasopharynx posteriorly
paranasal sinuses superiorly and laterally
lacrimal sac and conjunctiva superiorly

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19
Q

Nasal cavity boundaries

A

roof (frontal)-
ethmoid
sphenoid bones
floor-
maxilla
palatine
lateral walls-
nasal conchae

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20
Q

Lateral nasal wall

A

3 mucosa covered scrolls of bone form the lateral nasal walls-
superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

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21
Q

Paranasal air sinuses

A

air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity located within the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary

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22
Q

spheno-ethmoidal recess

A

opening of the sphenoidal sinus

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23
Q

Superior meatus

A

entrance to the posterior ethmoidal sinuses

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24
Q

Middle meatus

A

entrance to the frontal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses

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25
Inferior meatus
opening of the nasolacrimal duct
26
CN I
special sensory- olfactory epithelium covers the superior nasal concha and superior portions of the nasal septum
27
CN V1 and 2
general sensory- to the nasal mucosa and palate via the nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves Visceral motor- post-synaptic parasympathetics to glands in the mucosa
28
Oral region
includes oral cavity, teeth, gums, tongue, palate, and region of the palatine tonsils
29
2 parts of the oral cavity
oral vestibule oral cavity proper
30
Oral fissure is controlled by
orbicularis oris
31
Boundaries of the oral cavity proper
laterally and anteriorly- upper and lower dental arcades roof- palate, posterior communication with the oropharynx
32
Palate
arched roof of the oral cavity proper and floor of the nasal cavity
33
Hard palate
formed by parts of the maxillae and palatine bones covered by a mucous membrane
34
Soft palate
movable posterior 1/3 of the palate extends postero-inferiorly as a curved free margin with a conical process- uvula
35
Tongue
a mobile muscular organ found partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx
36
Tongue functions
assists in mastication, taste, swallowing, speech, and oral cleaning
37
Tongue muscles
extrinsic muscles- genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
38
Motor innervation of the tongue
all tongue muscles are supplied by CN XII except the palatoglossus
39
Salivary glands
includes the large parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands
40
Salivary glands function
keep the oral mucous membranes moist, lubricate food during mastication, begin starch digestion, assist in preventing tooth decay, support the ability to taste
41
muscles of mastication
temporalis masseter medial and lateral pterygoids innervated by mandibular nerve CN V3
42
Temporalis
elevates the mandible closing the jaw retracts the mandible
43
Masseter
elevates the mandible helps protrude the mandible
44
Lateral pterygoid
acting bilaterally protracts the mandible and depresses the chin acting unilaterally swings the jaw to the contralateral side
45
Medial pterygoid
acts with the masseter to elevate the mandible assists in protrusion
46
Ear
a receptor organ for both hearing and equilibrium
47
External ear
functions in hearing transference of sound to the internal ear
48
Middle ear
functions in hearing
49
Internal ear
participates in both hearing and equilibrium
50
Auricle
elastic cartilage
51
External acoustic meatus
a short canal running medially from the auricle to the tympanic membrane and conducting sound waves
52
Tympanic membrane
forms the boundary between the external and middle ear typically translucent and pearly grey moves in response to air vibrations that pass to it thru the external acoustic meatus
53
Tympanic membrane innervation
external surface- auriculotemporal nerve CN V3 small area supplied by CN X internal surface CN IX
54
Middle ear
a narrow, air-filled space lined by a mucous membrane located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone
55
Auditory ossicles
malleus incus stapes
56
Stapedius and tensor tympani muscles
damped or resist movement of the ossicles
57
Pharyntympanic tube
Connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx where it opens posterior to the inferior nasal meatus
58
Pharyngotympanic tube structure
posterolateral 1/3 is bony remainder of the tube is cartilaginous lined with a mucous membrane continuous with the lining of the nasopharynx
59
Pharyngotympanic tube function
equalize pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere pressure to allow free movement of the tympanic membrane
60
Internal ear
contains the vestibulocochlear organ- sound reception and balance maintenance
61
Vestibulocochlear nerve
CN VIII passes thru the internal acoustic meatus and divides near the lateral end of the meatus into two parts- cochlear nerve for hearing vestibular nerve for equilibrium
62
Sound transmission thru the ear
Sound waves enter the external ear and strike tympanic membrane vibrations are transmitted thru the ossicles the best of stapes vibrates in the oval window which transmits amplified vibrational energy to the fluids of the cochlea vibrations from the stapes at the oval window are transmitted thru the perilymph chamber to the cochlear duct where CN VIII vibrations are dissipated back into the middle ear cavity at the round window

Anatomy (10 decks)

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