Pelvis and perineum

Question 1

Bony pelvis

Answer 1

a basin-shaped bony ring that attaches the lower limbs to the spine and supports the visceral organs of the pelvis
includes- os coxae, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 2

2 hip bones (os coxae)

Answer 2

fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis- during puberty

Question 3

Pelvic brim

Answer 3

separates greater and lesser pelvis

Question 4

Greater pelvis

Answer 4

houses certain abdominal viscera

Question 5

Lesser pelvis

Answer 5

accommodates pelvic viscera- bladder and reproductive organs

Question 6

Female pelvis

Answer 6

adapted for childbearing
lighter, wider, and shallower
provides more room in the true pelvis

Question 7

Pelvic ligaments

Answer 7

weight of the trunk tends to rotate the sacrum anteriorly
pelvic ligaments are arranged to resist this force

Question 8

Pelvic diaphragm location

Answer 8

extends from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx
separates pelvic viscera from the perineal structures inferiorly
supports the pelvic organs

Question 8

Pelvic diaphragm function

Answer 8

supports the pelvic viscera inferiorly and helps to raise intra-abdominal pressure
voluntary control of urination, fecal continence, and uterus support

Question 8

Relaxin

Answer 8

relaxes pelvic joints and ligaments during pregnancy

Question 9

Pelvic diaphragm muscles

Answer 9

levator ani
coccygeus muscles and their facias

Question 10

Levator ani muscle

Answer 10

consists of 3 parts
puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Question 11

Urogenital hiatus

Answer 11

female- permits passage of the urethra, vagina, and rectum
male- permits passage of the urethra and rectum

Question 12

Pelvic blood supply

Answer 12

arterial supply- paired internal iliac arteries and branches
Venous drainage- tributaries of the internal iliac veins

Question 13

Pelvic arteries

Answer 13

Paired internal iliac arteries deliver the most blood to the lesser pelvis
paired ovarian arteries from the aorta
superior rectal arteries

Question 14

Pelvic veins

Answer 14

internal iliac veins and tributaries
superior rectal veins (portal venous system)
gonadal veins

Question 15

Pelvic nerves

Answer 15

pelvic structures are innervated by the sacral (S1-S4) and coccygeal spinal nerves and pelvic part of the autonomic nervous system

Question 16

Pudendal canal

Answer 16

a horizontal passageway within the obturator fascia which covers the medial aspect of obturator internus
transmits the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
supply perineum

Question 17

Pudendal nerve

Answer 17

somatic innervation (S2-4) to perineal body wall, muscles, genitalia, external anal sphincter and skin of perineum
also carries sympathetics

Question 18

Perineum

Answer 18

a diamond-shaped pelvic outlet that lies inferior to the inferior pelvic aperture
bounded by the pubic symphysis anteriorly, ischial tuberosities laterally, and coccyx posteriorly

Question 19

what are the muscles that bound the perineum?

Answer 19

superiorly by levator ani
laterally by obturator internus

Question 20

Superficial pouch of perineum

Answer 20

potential space between the membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue and the subcutaneous and the perineal membrane

Question 21

Deep pouch of perineum

Answer 21

bounded inferiorly by the perineal membrane and superiorly and laterally by the fascias of the pelvic diaphragm and obturator internus muscles

Question 22

Contents of the superficial pouch in males

Answer 22

root of the penis and associated muscles
proximal part of spongy urethra
superficial transverse perineal muscles
deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and nerves

Question 23

Contents of the superficial pouch in females

Answer 23

clitoris and associated muscles
bulbs of vestibule and surrounding muscles
superficial transverse perineal muscles
greater vestibular gland
deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels

Question 24

deep pouch

Answer 24

in both sexes, the deep pouch contains:
parts of the urethra centrally
inferior part of the external urethral sphincter muscle
anterior extensions of the ischioanal fat pads

Question 25

Contents of deep pouch in males

Answer 25

intermediate part of the urethra
deep transverse perineal muscles
bulbourethral glands
dorsal neurovascular structures of the penis

Question 26

Contents of the deep pouch in females

Answer 26

the proximal part of the urethra
a mass of smooth muscle in place of the deep transverse perineal muscles
dorsal neurovasculature

Question 27

Ischioanal fossa

Answer 27

a fat-filled, wedge-shaped region surrounding the rectum and anus
located primarily in the anal triangle between the skin of the anal region and the pelvic diaphragm

Question 28

Ishioanal fossa neurovascular contents

Answer 28

inferior anal/rectal vessels and nerves and cutaneous branches of sacral plexus