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13- SA- Reproduction > Post-partum dam and neonatal failure to thrive/ fading puppy > Flashcards

Post-partum dam and neonatal failure to thrive/ fading puppy Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 things to help prevent poor mothering behaviour in the bitch

A

preparation and familiarisation with the whelping area
restricting visitors
keeping a calm environment

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2
Q

How long does it take for uterine invoolution in bitch

A

12 weeks

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3
Q

How long does it take for uterine involution in the queen

A

6 weeks

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4
Q

How long is it normal for there to be vulval discharge after parturtion in bitch/ queen

A

3-4 weeks
should be non odorous, not associated with illness, but may be coloured

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5
Q

List 6 post-partum diseases in bitch/ queen in order of how common they occur

A

Suspected retained fetal membranes
Post partum metritis
Inadequate milk
Hypocalcaemia
Sub-involution of placental sites
Haemorrhage

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6
Q

How long after delivery of pup should the placenta be expelled

A

within 20 minutes

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7
Q

when should placental retention be suspected

A

if green/black discharge persists after parturition

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8
Q

List the clinical signs of post-partum metritis in the bitch

A

Depression, pyrexia, anorexia
Purulent vulval discharge
Neutrophilia with left shift
Uterine enlargement

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9
Q

Decribe how to treat post-partum metritis in dogs

A

Broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs
Fluid therapy
Ecbolic agents- Prostaglandins (synthetic naturally occurring)

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10
Q

List 3 things that can lead to metritis in the bitch

A

difficult or prolonged birth
placental retention
abortion

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11
Q

what is agalactia

A

no milk production

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12
Q

describe how to treat agalactia in the bitch

A

Dopamine antagonists are prolactin agonists = metoclopramide

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13
Q

Describe how to treat lack of milk let-down in the bitch

A

oxytocin

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14
Q

List 4 things that can cause lack of milk let down in the bitch

A

anxiety
pain
stress
cold

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15
Q

List 6 clinical signs of hypocalcaemia in the bitch

A

nervousness
panting
whining
hypersalivation
stiff gait
tetany

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16
Q

Describe how to treat hypocalcaemia in the bitch

A

calcium borogluconate slowly by IV infusion (see next slide), followed by same dose SC
feed pups artificially for 24 hours

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17
Q

Describe what is seen with sub-involution of placental sites in the bitch

A

Haemorrhagic vulval discharge for longer than the normal 4 to 6 week duration post-partum

18
Q

Describe how to treat sub-involution of placental sites

A

can resolve itself
If blood loss significant- need regular observation- ovariohysterectomy may be needed

19
Q

List 3 potential causes of post-partum haemorrhage in the bitch

A

physical injuries of the birth canal
lack of involution of the uterus
following a c-section

20
Q

Describe how to treat post-partum haemorrhage in the bitch

A

Use of vaginal tampon
Ecbolic agents
If uterine origin and severe may need OVX
Also if severe in specific breeds may consider a coagulopathy

21
Q

List 4 things you should do after pup born (and is alive)

A

record birth weight
monitor resp (15/40 bpm)
record temp
check for congenital abnormalities

22
Q

List 5 ways that a neonate if different to an adult

A

Poor breathing
Limited ability to regulate body temperature
Poor regulation of fluid balance
Limited energy store
Immune system is immature

23
Q

List 4 things that can affect colostrum / milk intake by puppy

A

weak pups
insufficient teats
inexperienced/ difficult dam
continual distrubance by humans

24
Q

what is the easiest way to monitor hydration status in neonate

A

look at urine colour

25
Q

What is the ideal environmental temp for neonatal puppies

A

28-30 for 1st week
26 for next 3-4 weeks

26
Q

At what point should a neonate double its birth weight

A

in 8-10 days

27
Q

List 9 signs of a sick puppy

A

Frequent crying or failure to gain weight early indicator
Feels cold to touch
Skin inelastic
Thin, bony appearance
Slack abdomen (empty stomach)
Dirty unkempt coat
Persistent crying
Loss of body twitching
Delayed development of neonatal characteristics

28
Q

when should pups be able to voluntaryily defecate/ urinate

A

after week 2-3

29
Q

Why do we give neonatal puppies Abs if they get a minor disease

A

because they are susceptible to commensal overgrowth

30
Q

Describe what you should do if puppy is not feeding/ dehydrated

A

Reverse hypothermia
Reverse hypoxia
Treat / prevent dehydration
Prevent commensal organism overgrowth

31
Q

Describe how to treat hypothermia in neonatal puppy

A

Slow re-heating (1C per hour)
Maintain environmental temperature 29-32C (slightly higher than normal)
Do not feed pup if colder than 34C
Add dextrose to fluids (as increased calorific demand)

32
Q

what is the fluid demands for a neonatal puppy

A

general maintenance= 60-100 ml/kg/day

33
Q

List 5 predictors of mortality in a neonatal puppy

A

low APGAR score
dehydration
no increased in BW
rectal temp less than 35
plasma glucose less than 100mg/dL

34
Q

List the 3 most life threatening problems in a puppy 2-6 weeks of age

A

dehydration from D+
internal and external parasites
traumatic insults

35
Q

List the 3 best predictors of wellness in 2-6 week old puppies

A

continued growth
normal behavioural development
normal rectal temp

36
Q

List the 2 most life-threatening problems in puppies from 6-12 weeks old

A

infectious diseases
Disease associated with inquisitive behaviour (foreign bodies, biting electric cables)

37
Q

If you see fitting in a puppy what should you consider

A

hypoglycaemia
porto-systemic shunt
ect

38
Q

what are fading puppies

A

pups which were alive but then die

39
Q

what is the principle problem in ‘true’ fading puppies

A

low surfactant concentrations

40
Q

How does low lung surfactant lead to puppy death

A

-> Poor respiratory function
-> Respiratory distress
-> Inability to suck
-> Fatal cycle of hypoxia, dehydration, low blood sugars, hypothermia and death

13- SA- Reproduction (16 decks)

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