Infertility in the dog and cat workshop Flashcards
What is the common age of puberty in bitches?
6 to 24 months- it is very variable - smaller earlier then larger breeds
What is the normal oestrus cycle length?
(P = Proestrus O = Oestrus, L = Luteal, A = Anoestrus)
P10d, O10d, L70d, A150d*
Failure to cycle is often a failure of lack of observation of the owner
List 4 things that could indicate that the cycle has been missed
Progesterone will be elevated for 70d
There may be mammary enlargement
There may be lactation
The may be behaviour typical of pseudopregnancy
Based on basic principles what is the most likely to result in a failure of the onset of puberty?
there is systemic disease
if you suspect primary anoestrus (delayed puberty) in dog what should you do
wait till 24months
consider establishing karotype
at 24 months consider attempting oestrus induction using cabergoline (Galastop)
what should you do if bitch clinically well but >12 months since last oestrus
consider oestrus-inducing (e.g. with Cabergoline [Galastop])
when is cat first oestrus expected to be
6-10 months
most of the time during first spring time
what can affect cat first oestrus
influenced season of birth
body weight/ condition score
puberty frequently occurs during the spring
at what point in cat should you investigate primary anoestrus/ how
at 10 months old
same as in bitch
Daisy is a 9 month old springer spaniel that has had vulval swelling and a sero-sangineous discharge for 30 days
How to investigate case
vaginal cytology
Hetty is 11 months old. Her last oestrus ended 6 weeks ago and she presents today with a swollen vulva and sero-sangineous vulval discharge.
- The owner is concerned that Hetty might have a pyometra.
- Which diagnostic tests are you going to undertake and in what order to rule out a pyometra and make a logical diagnosis
vaginal cytology
uterine ultrasound
If prolonged oestrus keeps occuring in a dog what can you do
give hCG or GnRH- during next oestrus to attempt to stimulate ovulation
List 5 causes of signs of persistent oestrus in bitches
Failure to ovulate (pubertal animal)
Follicular cysts (rare in the bitch)
Follicular neoplasia (rare in the bitch)
Adrenal neoplasia (rare in the bitch)
exogenous oestrogen exposure
T/F bursal cysts are clinically significant
False - don’t produce oestrogen
not significant for cyclicity or fertility
how can you differentiate between persistent oestrus and exogenous oestrogen exposure
exogenous oestrogen exposure= male attractiveness but female is not in oestrus
what do luteal cysts produce - what are the signs
progesterone
there are signs of acyclicity and occasionally pyometra
describe how to treat follicular cysts
hCG administration- cause it to oculate and dog goes into luteal phase
or supression with progestogens
describe how to treat luteal cycsts
Usually only diagnosed when Ovarian hysterectomy because of pyometra. No treatment reported.
Holly is a 4 year old Bullmastiff. She went to stud at her last cycle and was not mated because she had pain the time of intromission
At this cycle she will not stand to be mated.
what is the approach
Digital examination of the vulval, vestibule, vagina
What is the anatomical site of the fusion of the Mullerian Ducts with the Urogenital Sinus?
Vagina / vestibule
list the clinical signs of vestibulo-vaginal remnants
Pain at attempted coitus
Chronic vaginitis in some cases
describe how to treat vestibulo-vaginal remnants
transection (via episiotomy)
List 2 clinical signs of vaginal hyperplasia
A mass at the vulval with the bitch in oestrus
Pain at attempted coitus
what is vaginal hyperplasia
Exaggerated response of the vaginal wall to normal oestrogen concentrations during oestrus:
- ventral vaginal wall thickens
- may prolapse
- occasionally is circumferential
