Caesarean, mammary and other reproductive surgery

Question 1

Are ovarian tumours common in cats and dogs

Answer 1

No

Question 2

List 9 clinical signs of ovarian tumours

Answer 2

Pyometra
Abnormal oestrus
Vaginal discharge
Secondary sex organ change
Lumbar pain
Presence of an abdominal mass
Enlarged abdomen (presence of effusion and/or mass)
Lethargy
Weight gain or weight loss

Question 3

T/F All ovarian tumours are hormonally active

Answer 3

False

Question 4

List 2 hormones that a functional ovarian tumour can produce

Answer 4

Oestrogen
Progesterone

Question 5

How are ovarian tumours treated

Answer 5

ovariohysterectomy
OH and OHE +/- chemo

Question 6

T/F tumours of the uterus and cervix are common in dogs and cats

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Are uterine and cervical tumours more often benign or malignant in the bitch

Answer 7

Benign

Question 8

Are uterine and cervical tumours more often benign or malignant in the queen

Answer 8

malignant

Question 9

Describe how to treat tumours of the uterus and cervix

Answer 9

ovariohysterectomy
or hysterectomy in neutered individual

Question 10

What muscle type tumour is most common to find in the uterus and cervix?

Answer 10

smooth muscle tumours

Question 11

List the 3 most common tumour locations in the female repro tracts

Answer 11

Vaginal
Vestibular
Vulval

Question 12

What is the most common tumour type in the vagina

Answer 12

benign leimyoma

Question 13

What hormone production causes benign leimyomas

Answer 13

oestrogen

Question 14

What is the most common malignant tumour of the vulva and vagina?

Answer 14

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 15

Are Transmissible venereal tumours seen more commonly in males or females

Answer 15

Females

Question 16

List the 2 most common tumours to find at the vulval labia

Answer 16

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
mast cell tumours (MCT)

Question 17

What aged dog most commonly affected by testicular tumours

Answer 17

older than 10 years old

Question 18

List 3 common types of tumours of the testicle

Answer 18

interstitial cell tumour
seminoma
Sertoli cell tumour

Question 19

Are mast cell tumours or squamous cell carcinomas more common on the vulva?

Answer 19

mast cell tumours

Question 20

Are cryptorchid animals more or less likely to develop testicular tumours?

Answer 20

More

Question 21

What is the treatment for testicular tumours

Answer 21

Castration- closed instead of open

Question 22

What hormone does a Sertoli cell tumour of testicle secrete

Answer 22

oestrogen

Question 23

What are the impacts on the male if the testicular tumour produces oestrogen?

Answer 23

Feminisation

Question 24

List 6 examples of feminisation on male dogs

Answer 24

Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia
Attractiveness to male dogs
Pendulous prepuce
Gynaecomastia (mammary enlargement, nipple enlargement)
Atrophy of affected testicle
Myelosuppresion

Question 25

List 3 signs of myelosuppression

Answer 25

anaemia neutropenia thrombocytopenia

Question 26

What is the most common penile tumour

Answer 26

Transmissible venereal tumour (in endemic areas) squamous cell carcinomas (UK)

Question 27

List the 2 most common tumours of the prepuce

Answer 27

mast cell tumours melanomas

Question 28

List 7 clinical signs of penile tumours

Answer 28

Licking of prepuce and penis Haemorrhagic and/or purulent discharge from the prepuce Haematuria (may be frank blood at the beginning or end of micturition) Dysuria Increased frequency of urination Phimosis Paraphimosis (occasionally)

Question 29

What is the problem with Mast cell tumour on the prepuce and vulva

Answer 29

Tend to have a higher malignant grade on these areas compared to other locations on the body

Question 30

List 2 ways that transmissible venereal tumours can be treated

Answer 30

chemotherapy radiotherapy

Question 31

List 2 reasons why penile tumours become unnoticed for a prolonged period of time

Answer 31

prepuce hides the penis owner reluctance to examine that area

Question 32

Are mammary tumours more common in dogs or cats

Answer 32

dogs

Question 33

Is prognosis good for mammary tumours in female dogs?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

List the 4 dog breeds are most commonly affected by mammary tumours?

Answer 34

Poodles Spaniels Daschunds GSD

Question 35

What is the biggest risk factor for mammary disease/neoplasia in young dogs?

Answer 35

Obesity

Question 36

List a way to completely prevent mammary tumours

Answer 36

spaying before the first season

Question 37

What % of mammary tumours are benign and malignant in the bitch

Answer 37

50/50

Question 38

What % of mammary tumours are benign and malignant in the queen?

Answer 38

85-90% are malignant

Question 39

List 7 clinical signs of mammary tumours

Answer 39

Palpable mass underneath the skin or near the nipple Discharge from the mammary gland Ulceration of the skin over a gland Swollen Loss of appetite Weight loss Generalised weakness

Question 40

What treatment option is not recommended for dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma?

Answer 40

Surgery

Question 41

Describe how to treat inflammatory mammary carcinomas

Answer 41

Radiation therapy in combination with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been shown to provide the most effective pain relief in dogs, but the prognosis remains poor

Question 42

Why is surgery not recommended for dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma and what is the prognosis?

Answer 42

Does not change survival rate Prognosis is poor (even with radiotherapy)

Question 43

What lymph node do they think the cranial mammary glands go to?

Answer 43

Axillary

Question 44

What lymph node do they think the caudal mammary glands go to?

Answer 44

Inguinal

Question 45

What is the most simple mastectomy?

Answer 45

Local mastectomy (lumpectomy)

Question 46

What is a regional mastectomy?

Answer 46

Multiple glands and local lymph node

Question 47

What lymph node would be removed in this regional mastectomy?

Answer 47

Inguinal

Question 48

In cats, with any mammary disease, what else should be removed and why?

Answer 48

The local lymph node because most tumours are highly malignant

Question 49

How many incisions are needed for a C-section and where?

Answer 49

Single incision near the bifurcation

Question 50

What suture material should be used to close the C-section?

Answer 50

3/0 or 4/0 Monofilament absorbable

Question 51

What suture pattern should be used to close the C-section?

Answer 51

Inverted Cushing Lembert Utrecht

Question 52

Should the suture penetrate the uterine lumen in a C-section

Answer 52

No