Caesarean, mammary and other reproductive surgery Flashcards
Are ovarian tumours common in cats and dogs
No
List 9 clinical signs of ovarian tumours
Pyometra
Abnormal oestrus
Vaginal discharge
Secondary sex organ change
Lumbar pain
Presence of an abdominal mass
Enlarged abdomen (presence of effusion and/or mass)
Lethargy
Weight gain or weight loss
T/F All ovarian tumours are hormonally active
False
List 2 hormones that a functional ovarian tumour can produce
Oestrogen
Progesterone
How are ovarian tumours treated
ovariohysterectomy
OH and OHE +/- chemo
T/F tumours of the uterus and cervix are common in dogs and cats
False
Are uterine and cervical tumours more often benign or malignant in the bitch
Benign
Are uterine and cervical tumours more often benign or malignant in the queen
malignant
Describe how to treat tumours of the uterus and cervix
ovariohysterectomy
or hysterectomy in neutered individual
What muscle type tumour is most common to find in the uterus and cervix?
smooth muscle tumours
List the 3 most common tumour locations in the female repro tracts
Vaginal
Vestibular
Vulval
What is the most common tumour type in the vagina
benign leimyoma
What hormone production causes benign leimyomas
oestrogen
What is the most common malignant tumour of the vulva and vagina?
Leiomyosarcoma
Are Transmissible venereal tumours seen more commonly in males or females
Females
List the 2 most common tumours to find at the vulval labia
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
mast cell tumours (MCT)
What aged dog most commonly affected by testicular tumours
older than 10 years old
List 3 common types of tumours of the testicle
interstitial cell tumour
seminoma
Sertoli cell tumour
Are mast cell tumours or squamous cell carcinomas more common on the vulva?
mast cell tumours
Are cryptorchid animals more or less likely to develop testicular tumours?
More
What is the treatment for testicular tumours
Castration- closed instead of open
What hormone does a Sertoli cell tumour of testicle secrete
oestrogen
What are the impacts on the male if the testicular tumour produces oestrogen?
Feminisation
List 6 examples of feminisation on male dogs
Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia
Attractiveness to male dogs
Pendulous prepuce
Gynaecomastia (mammary enlargement, nipple enlargement)
Atrophy of affected testicle
Myelosuppresion
List 3 signs of myelosuppression
anaemia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
What is the most common penile tumour
Transmissible venereal tumour (in endemic areas)
squamous cell carcinomas (UK)
List the 2 most common tumours of the prepuce
mast cell tumours
melanomas
List 7 clinical signs of penile tumours
Licking of prepuce and penis
Haemorrhagic and/or purulent discharge from the prepuce
Haematuria (may be frank blood at the beginning or end of micturition)
Dysuria
Increased frequency of urination
Phimosis
Paraphimosis (occasionally)
What is the problem with Mast cell tumour on the prepuce and vulva
Tend to have a higher malignant grade on these areas compared to other locations on the body
List 2 ways that transmissible venereal tumours can be treated
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
List 2 reasons why penile tumours become unnoticed for a prolonged period of time
prepuce hides the penis
owner reluctance to examine that area
Are mammary tumours more common in dogs or cats
dogs
Is prognosis good for mammary tumours in female dogs?
Yes
List the 4 dog breeds are most commonly affected by mammary tumours?
Poodles
Spaniels
Daschunds
GSD
What is the biggest risk factor for mammary disease/neoplasia in young dogs?
Obesity
List a way to completely prevent mammary tumours
spaying before the first season
What % of mammary tumours are benign and malignant in the bitch
50/50
What % of mammary tumours are benign and malignant in the queen?
85-90% are malignant
List 7 clinical signs of mammary tumours
Palpable mass underneath the skin or near the nipple
Discharge from the mammary gland
Ulceration of the skin over a gland
Swollen
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Generalised weakness
What treatment option is not recommended for dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma?
Surgery
Describe how to treat inflammatory mammary carcinomas
Radiation therapy in combination with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been shown to provide the most effective pain relief in dogs, but the prognosis remains poor
Why is surgery not recommended for dogs with inflammatory mammary carcinoma and what is the prognosis?
Does not change survival rate
Prognosis is poor (even with radiotherapy)
What lymph node do they think the cranial mammary glands go to?
Axillary
What lymph node do they think the caudal mammary glands go to?
Inguinal
What is the most simple mastectomy?
Local mastectomy (lumpectomy)
What is a regional mastectomy?
Multiple glands and local lymph node
What lymph node would be removed in this regional mastectomy?
Inguinal
In cats, with any mammary disease, what else should be removed and why?
The local lymph node because most tumours are highly malignant
How many incisions are needed for a C-section and where?
Single incision near the bifurcation
What suture material should be used to close the C-section?
3/0 or 4/0
Monofilament absorbable
What suture pattern should be used to close the C-section?
Inverted
Cushing
Lembert
Utrecht
Should the suture penetrate the uterine lumen in a C-section
No
