Neonatal Care and Resuscitation, Post-operative Care of Dam

Question 1

when do puppies eyes open

Answer 1

10-14 days after birth

Question 2

when is the neonatal period in puppies

Answer 2

birth until 3 weeks old

Question 3

How much weight should a healthy puppy gain in first 48hours

Answer 3

14-28g

Question 4

what does colostrum provide to puppies

Answer 4

crucial for puppy survival
provides immunoglobulins and nutrition for the newborn

Question 5

at what temp should new born puppies be kept at

Answer 5

around 30 degrees

Question 6

List the signs of fading puppy/ kitten syndrome

Answer 6

First signs detected in first few hours/days of life
Failure to suckle leading to dehydration
Weightloss
Persistent crying
Hypothermia

Question 7

Define Hypogammaglobulinaemia

Answer 7

defined as reduced serum immunoglobulin (antibody) levels

Question 8

Describe Congenital Hypogammaglobulinemia

Answer 8

Delayed onset immunoglobulin in newborn. May have delay of several years between clinical presentation and diagnosis
Recurrent respiratory infections common

Question 9

Describe Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia

Answer 9

Delayed onset of immunoglobulin production in newborns – more immediate affect
Prone to respiratory, GI and skin infections, allergies and

Question 10

How often do puppies need feeding

Answer 10

Neonates require feeding every 2 hours

Question 11

List 7 identifying features of dystocia

Answer 11

Infrequent, weak uterine contractions for thestage of labor​
Stage I labor is not initiated at full term​
Stage I labor is >24 hours without progressionto stage II​
Stage II labor does not produce a vaginaldelivery within 1–2 hours​
Fetal or maternal stress is excessive​
Moribund or stillborn neonates are seen​
Stage II labor does not result in thecompletion of deliveries in a timely manner(within 4–12 hours)​

Question 12

T/F reddy/brown is normal post whelping

Answer 12

True

Question 13

what is an indication of infection post whelping

Answer 13

black discharge with strong smell

Question 14

List 5 clinical signs of retained placenta/ pups

Answer 14

vomiting
decreased appetite
fever
lethargy
discoloured (green) vaginal discharge

Question 15

List 6 clinical signs of eclampsia

Answer 15

restlessness
panting
seizures
tetany
ataxia
unconsciousness

Question 16

what can poor nutrition in the bitch lead to with the puppies

Answer 16

poor colostrum and higher frequency of fading puppy syndrome

Question 17

what should you feed bitches during gestation

Answer 17

Give palatable, high calorie food – puppy food.

Question 18

List 3 environmental factors that can lead to perinatal loss

Answer 18

incorrect temp
Husbandry issues - dirty environment
Cross contamination from bitch to puppies, e.g. E.coli or Campylobacter

Question 19

List 4 maternal factors that can lead to perinatal loss

Answer 19

Failure of maternal duties due to behaviour or illness
Bacterial infection acquired in utero
Heavy roundworm burden
Milk supply issue, e.g. blood loss or mastitis

Question 20

List 4 puppy factors that can lead to perinatal loss

Answer 20

Defects such as cleft palate - unable to feed adequately
Metabolic problems
Heart/organ defects
Immaturity- lack of lung surfactant, immature digestive, liver and kidney systems causing breathing and feeding difficulties

Question 21

Describe how asphyxia leads to neonatal loss

Answer 21

Reduced blood flow to the uterus during contraction
The umbilicus is stretched or occluded
The placenta separates from surrounding tissue prior to, or during delivery

Question 22

what APGAR score is a predictor of poor survival

Answer 22

less than 6