POST LAB EXPERIMENT 12 Flashcards
Stages of Typhoid fever:
a. Incubation phase
b. Septicemia phase
c. Localization phase
When (?) reaches the gut via contaminated food or water it will undergo the following stages
Salmonalla typhi
- It ranges from 10-14 days
Incubation phase
- When the bacilli will reach the GIT, most of them are destroyed.
Incubation phase
- These cells will then enter the mesenteric lymph nodes and multiplication of the bacteria occurs
Incubation phase
- After multiplication, the bacteria enter the blood stream and causes primary infection.
Incubation phase
- During this stage the bacteria entered to the gall bladder, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lungs and kidney and further multiplication occurs
Septicemia phase
- After multiplication it enters the blood and causes secondary multiplication
Septicemia phase
- During this time, they produce toxins that causes fever and other symptoms
Septicemia phase
- Some of the fully grown bacilli will be localized in the organs like liver, gall bladder, spleen.
Localization phase
- The tissues become inflamed and will undergo necrosis that will result in typhoid ulcer
Localization phase
- Later this ulcer leads to hemorrhage and perforation
Localization phase
- Typhoid fever develops approximately (?) days after ingestion of the organism
9 to 14
During the (?) weeks of disease the patient generally experiences sustained fever with prolonged bacteremia
second and third
are the primary antigenic structures used in salmonellae.
Somatic O antigens and flagellar H antigens
Afew strains may possess (?) designated Vi antigens.
capsular (K) antigens
- specific phase
Phase I
- nonspecific phase
Phase II
- occur only in few serotypes and determine
the immunologic identity of the particular serotype.
Phase I flagellar antigens
- agglutinate only with homologous antisera.
Phase I antigens
- occur among several strains.
Phase II flagellar antigens
- react with heterologous antisera
Phase II antigens
It is a 5-minute semiquantitative colorimetric test for typhoid
fever.
Tubex
- It detects anti-Salmonella O9 antibodies from a patient’s serum.
Tubex
- Used to specifically detect soluble O9 lipopolysaccharide in
an antigen-spiked buffer
Tubex
Typhidot is done on a
dot ELISA kit
is expected to become positive within 2–3 days of infection.
The Typhidot test
The test is based on the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies.
The Typhidot test
detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of the Salmonella typhi.
Typhidot
The toxins are continuously produced
Localization phase
Some of the bacilli will survive and attaches to the epithelial cells of villi.
Incubation phase
The Typhidot test
shows recent infection
signifies remote infection.
IgM
IgG
