EXPERIMENT 13

Question 1

S. pyogenes causes a lot of infection mainly, the primary infection that it causes leads it to another infection (?)

Answer 1

poststreptococcal infections

Question 2

S. pyogenes are prone to progression with involvement of (?).

Answer 2

deeper tissues and organs

Question 3

Another cause of (?) (example: S. pyogenes)

Answer 3

necrotizing fasciitis or the flesh- eating bacteria

Question 4

Streptococcal pyogenic infections produces (?)that may be released and produce scarlet fever.

Answer 4

exotoxins (SPEs)

Question 5

Other complications that result from S. pyogenes infections are the poststreptococcal such as

Answer 5

rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

Question 6

: primary infection that is caused by S. Pygenes was already healed but then it will cause another disease/s.

Answer 6

poststreptococcal diseases

Question 7

affects the system

Answer 7

rheumatic fever

Question 8

causes kidney failure

Answer 8

glomerulonephritis

Question 9

is an example of a pathogen that induces the production of several different antibodies.

Answer 9

s. pyogenes

Question 10

In the course of an infection, the (?) acts as antigen to which the antibody responds by producing specific antibodies.

Answer 10

extracellular products

Question 11

This coccus contains antigenic structural components and produces antigenic enzymes, each of which may elicit a specific antibody response from the infected host.

Answer 11

S. pyogenes

Question 12

Most infected patients demonstrate increases concentration of antibody against.

Answer 12

SLO

Question 13

The concentration of the antibody or titer begins to rises at about (?)after the onset of infection.

Answer 13

7 days

Question 14

Peak:

Answer 14

4 to 6 weeks

Question 15

• increase chance that we can determine the presence of

Answer 15

ASO

Question 16

Increase concentration of

Answer 16

antibodies

Question 17

An elevated titer indicates a

Answer 17

relatively recent infection

Question 18

A rise in titer of (?) is of greater diagnostic significance than a single titer.

Answer 18

50 Todd units in 1 to 2 weeks

Question 19

The Ab for ASO will begin its production (?), when you have been tested a patient 7 days after infection, you’re going to not the titer and after (?), test again the titer of the patient and ASO

Answer 19

7 days

2 weeks

Question 20

if the titer doubled or (?), it is already considered as a diagnostic significant for Steptococcus infections.

Answer 20

50 Todd unit

Question 21

Peak titers usually seen at (?), they are also seen at the time of acute polyarthritis of acute rhematic fever.

Answer 21

4-6 weeks

Question 22

But this titers are no longer at their peak during the carditis? of(?).

Answer 22

acute rheumatic fever

Question 23

The predisposing signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever, dito mo makikita yung (?) again ASO but if the patient has already developed full blown acute rheumatic fever, bababa na yung titer for ASO.

Answer 23

peak ng rise in titer

Question 24

is very important.

Answer 24

Timing for testing ASO

Question 25

major virulence factor

Answer 25

M PROTEIN

Question 26

It is a filamentous molecule consisting of two alpha helical chains twisted into a ropelike structure that extends out from the cell surface.

Answer 26

M PROTEIN

Question 27

Has a net negative charge at the amino terminal end that help to inhibit phagocytosis

Answer 27

M PROTEIN

Question 28

is the one responsible for the inability of phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes) to detect streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 28

M protein

Question 29

Limits the deposition of C3 (complement component 3) on the bacterial surface thereby diminishing complement activation

Answer 29

M PROTEIN

Question 30

It is known that the result of complement activation lysis

Answer 30

M PROTEIN

Question 31

will prevent C3 from attaching to the cell surface of S. pyogenes thus preventing lysis

Answer 31

M PROTEIN

Question 32

Immunity to (?) appears to be associated with antibodies to the M protein

Answer 32

group A streptococci

Question 33

Some individuals have some antibodies against M protein, therefore they are considered immune against

Answer 33

group A streptococci or streptococcus pyogenes

Question 34

They are proteins excreted by the bacterial cell as they metabolize during the course pf streptococcal infections

Answer 34

EXOANTIGENS/EXOTOXINS

Question 35

Pyrogenic – fever inducing

Answer 35

Pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, and C

Question 36

Responsible for the rash seen in scarlet fever and contribute to the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes

Answer 36

EXOANTIGENS/EXOTOXINS

Question 37

The presence of (?) is the characteristic rash in scarlet fever

Answer 37

strawberry tongue

Question 38

Antibodies are produced to the following exoantigens:

Answer 38

enzymes streptolysin O (another virulence factor of S. pyogenes), deoxyribonuclease B (DNase B), hyaluronidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase (NADase), and streptokinase.

Question 39

The Rantz-Randall method is a stepwise method involving the use of a series of serum dilutions, and the ASO titer of serum is determined as the serum dilution that inhibits nearly 50% of SLO-induced hemolysis. Therefore, the method gives stepwise ASO titers for various sera.

Answer 39

RANTZ RANDALL METHOD

Question 40

This is no longer performed

Answer 40

RANTZ RANDALL METHOD

Question 41

Neutralization of exotoxins (ASO, anti-DNase, etc.)

Answer 41

ANTIBODY TESTING

Question 42

If the patient produces antibodies against that enzyme it will give us the capability to test the antibodies that are produced against these enzymes.

Answer 42

ANTIBODY TESTING

Question 43

Used to diagnose strep sequelae

Answer 43

ANTIBODY TESTING

Question 44

Once S. pyogenes is healed, sometimes it spreads in different parts of the body causing another infection called (?).

Answer 44

“post streptococcal infection”

Question 45

Thus for testing or the neutralization of exotoxins, what we test here is the post streptococcal consequences of the infection

Answer 45

ANTIBODY TESTING

Question 46

We use this as a good initial cleaning tool

Answer 46

SLIDE AGGLUTINATION