EXPERIMENT 14 Flashcards
Take note for H. pylori, it causes (?) and if untreated, it may lead to (?).
duodenal or gastric ulcers
gastric carcinoma
Highly immunogenic
CAGA
The severity of the disease is related to injection of the (?) protein into the gastric epithelial cells.
CagA
Once the (?) protein is in the epithelial cell, it will change the function of the epithelial cells signal transduction pathways and in the structure of the cytoskeleton.
CagA
gene that codes for a toxin precursor.
VACUOLATING CYTOTOXIN/ VACA
Epidemiological studies have shown that if your(?) are present in the strain of the bacteria infecting the individual, there is a high risk of developing gastric or peptic ulcers or gastric carcinoma. So, stomach cancer.
CagA and VacA genes
Plate on blood agar
Culture
Takes 24-48 hours
Culture
Not a serologic test but a microbiologic test
Culture
The best diagnostic test for determining Streptococcus pyogenes
Culture
Extract antigen from throat swab
Rapid EIA
Rapid (2 hours max) but not as sensitive as culture
Rapid EIA
A back up test for culture.
Rapid EIA
Serologic tests are performed to have an idea on how to manage the infection.
Rapid EIA
Amplify portions of the emm gene
PCR
Need for specialized equipment
PCR
Neutralization of exotoxins (ASO, anti-DNase, etc.)
Antibody testing
Used to diagnose strep sequelae
Antibody testing
Agglutination of red cells coated with exotoxins
Slide agglutination
Rapid but results not as reliable as other testing; good initial screening tool
Slide agglutination
Take note this is a microbiologic test or bacteriologic test for H. pylori.
We place a biopsy material on urea agar and the color change as urea is broken down.
Take note for H. pylori, they contain urease.
For the results, we can have it in 2 hours, but it is an invasive procedure and organism may be missed due to uneven distribution in tissue.
Since biopsy ang sample dito, there is a tendency that the area we get is not the representative of the infection, so baka ibang part ng stomach ang makita thus, manenegative sya. This is the problem for this test.
UREASE TEST
It is also under microbiological test for H. pylori.
UREA BREATH TEST
Patient ingests radioactive urea; bicarbonate produced, which is breathed out as CO2.
UREA BREATH TEST
The patient has the enzyme urease.
UREA BREATH TEST
So if you have H. pylori, that H. pylori has urease thus, if the patient has ingested the radioactive urea, the urea will be converted into ammonia and because of that, yung hininga ng patient will be ammoniacal or mapanghi.
UREA BREATH TEST
Rapid and sensitive but involves radioactivity
UREA BREATH TEST
Take note that the patient will ingest radioactive urea
UREA BREATH TEST
It is used to identify the antigen in stool specimens. We determine for antigen mismo.
RAPID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
Rapid but not as sensitive as urea breath test.
RAPID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
Used to determine success of therapy.
RAPID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
EIA test to determine the presence of IgG or IgM antibodies against H. pylori.
ANTIBODY TESTING
Best test or intial screening method but not as reliable as antigen testing to evaluate therapy
ANTIBODY TESTING
For example, if you’ll going to be asked what is the best test to determine the success of therapy?
Rapid Enzyme Immunoassay
But if asked what is the best test for initial screening method for H. pylori, it will be
Antibody Testing
But overall, what is the gold standard in testing the bacteria?
culture
