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IMMUNE1 LAB MIDTERM AND FINALS > EXPERIMENT 16 > Flashcards

EXPERIMENT 16 Flashcards

1
Q

is an enveloped flavivirus

A

Hepatitis C virus

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2
Q

It is small, enveloped, single – stranded RNA virus.

A

Hepatitis C virus

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3
Q

Hepatitis C, previously called (?), was regarded as a diagnosis of exclusion because of the absence of specific serologic markers and unknown viral origin.

A

non – A, non – B (NANB) hepatitis

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4
Q

This also the reason why we are not testing the presence of antigen but the presence of the (?).

A

antibody

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5
Q

The HCV is most commonly caused

A

transfusion associated hepatitis

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6
Q

Since antibody is being tested, we should wait or the (?) is very important.

A

timing of testing

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7
Q

During (?), HCV pinaka nakikitang cause through blood transfusion

A

90s and 2000s

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8
Q

The general method of detecting infection with HCV is to observe the presence of (?) to the virus in human serum

A

antibodies

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9
Q

REAGENTS:

A

Test kit (cassette) for anti – HCV

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10
Q

SAMPLE:

A

Plasma or serum (should be free form contamination, hemolysis and lipemia)

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11
Q

PRINCIPLE:

A

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY

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12
Q

The assay starts with a sample applied to the sample well to which a sample diluent is immediately added.

A

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY

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13
Q

= 1 for sample, 1 for diluent

A

HCV antigen – 2 well

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14
Q

The (?) embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HCV antibody present in serum or plasma sample forming conjugate – HCV antibody complex.

A

HCV antigen – colloidal gold conjugate

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15
Q

PATIENT SAMPLE:

A

HCV antibody

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16
Q

As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate – HCV antibody complex is captured by an antibody – binding protein immobilized on a membrane forming a (?)in the test region.

A

colored test band

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17
Q

A (?) does not produce a test line due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate – HCV antibody complex.

A

negative sample

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18
Q

The antigens used in the test are (?) corresponding to highly immunoreactive regions of HCV.

A

recombinant proteins

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19
Q

A (?) in the control region appears at the end of the test procedure regardless of the result.

A

colored control band

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20
Q

is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to anti – HCV antibody immobilized on the membrane.

A

colored control band

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21
Q

indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional.

A

control line

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22
Q

The absence of the control band indicates that the test is

A

invalid

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23
Q

: Facilitate the reaction and ensure the proper mixing of our reagent and sample.

A

Diluent

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24
Q

REPORTED AS

A

REACTIVE

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25
Q

INTERPRETED AS

Since it has two lines

A

POSITIVE

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26
Q

But if no line in TEST AREA (T) =

A

NONREACTIVE

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27
Q

PROCEDURE: (SAME AS HEPATITIS B PROCEDURE BUT WITH THE ADDITION OF A DILUENT)
1. Bring the kit components and specimen to room temperature before testing
2. Remove the test card from the sealed foil pouch. Once opened, the test card must be used immediately.
3. Label the test card with patient’s identity
4. Dispense (?) of the sample to the center of the sample well (marked as “S”) of the test card using the plastic dropper provided
5. Add (?) of sample diluent to the diluent well (marked as “D”) immediately after the specimen is added
6. Read and interpret the results

A

1 drop (10 μL)

2 drops

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28
Q

If there are two lines=

A

Positive; Reactive

29
Q

One line under the control=

A

Negative; Nonreactive

30
Q

If (?), try another one

A

invalid

31
Q

High sensitivity

A

SCREENING TESTS

32
Q

RIBA (Recombinant immunoblot assay

A

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

33
Q

use recombinant HCV antigens that are fixed to a solid substrate). They are more specific than ELISA testing.

A

RIBA (Recombinant immunoblot assay

34
Q

WESTERN BLOT

A

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

35
Q

HVC VIRAL LOAD

A

MONITORING TESTS

36
Q

TO CONFIRM CHRONIC INFECTION

A

HVC VIRAL LOAD

37
Q

HCV PCR/VIRAL LOAD

A

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

38
Q

DONE BY NRL AND OTHER HOSPITALS

A

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

39
Q

LIVER BIOPSY

A

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

40
Q

GENOTYPING

A

CONFIRMATORY TESTS

41
Q

Category 1 (ELISA)

A

SCREENING TESTS

42
Q

Category 2 (RAPID TESTS)

A

SCREENING TESTS

43
Q

Detection of Anti-HCV

A

SCREENING TESTS

44
Q

HCV – Testing the presence of the.

A

antibodies

45
Q

Unlike in B, antibodies with the presence of.

A

antigen

46
Q

They are more specific than ELISA testing and they have been used to confirm un gating positive na ELISA

A

HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) ANTIBODY RAPID TEST

47
Q

– detect for the presence of the virus mismo or the HCV

A

CONFIRMATORY TEST

48
Q

Only done by national reference laboratories and other hospitals

A

CONFIRMATORY TEST

49
Q

QUESTION: Pag may nag positive po ba tayo na result for Hepatitis C, kailangan pa natin siya iconfirm sa NRL?

A

YES, we are going to send the sample of the patient in manila.

50
Q

– to detect the viral load and monitor the course of theraphy

A

MONITORING TEST

51
Q

PRINCIPLES AND CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT RESULTS OF OTHER SEROLOGIC TESTS

A
52
Q

For the confirmatory testing by (?) is helpful in some clinical situations.

A

immunoblotting

53
Q

The positive EIA anti-HCV reactivity could represent the following: (kaya natin siya kinokonfirm via RIBA)

A

False-positive reaction

54
Q

(pwede mag positive sa EIA/ELISA ang) Recovery from hepatitis C

A

False-positive reaction

55
Q

Viral infection with levels of virus too low to be detected

A

False-positive reaction

56
Q

can detect low levels of HCV RNA in serum

A

PCR amplification technique

57
Q

Testing for HCV RNA is a reliable way of demonstrating that hepatitis C infection is present and is the most specific test for infection.

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

58
Q

The best confirmatory assay to confirm a diagnosis of hepatis C is to test for the HCV RNA

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

59
Q

Testing for HCV RNA by a PCR assay is particularly useful in the following situations:

A

Transaminase levels are normal or only slightly elevated.
Anti-HCV is not present.

60
Q

It will take time to produce antibodies. Tendency to be negative

A

Anti-HCV is not present.

61
Q

Eh paano kung talagang malkas yung diagnosis or assessment ni physician na may hepatitis C si patient. Medical technologists:

A

perform HCV RNA via PCR Testing

Several causes of liver disease are possible.

62
Q
  • common among travelers
A

Type A

63
Q

Route of transmission is Fecal Oral Route- travelers are into food trip

A

Type A

64
Q
  • will not occur if the patient does not have hepatitis B
A

Type D

65
Q

It will serve as a coinfection with Hep B

A

Type D

66
Q
  • post-transfusion hepatitis
A

Type C

67
Q

No serological markers to test; no antigen

A

Type C

68
Q

Most common cause of post transfusion hepatitis

A

Type C

IMMUNE1 LAB MIDTERM AND FINALS (16 decks)

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