EXPERIMENT 17 Flashcards
The etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human retrovirus known as[?].
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV – 1 and 2)
Retroviruses are defined as viruses that contain as single positive – stranded RNA, which contain the virus’ genetic formation, and a special enzyme known as[?] in their core.
reverse transcriptase
This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.
reverse transcriptase
The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of [?] to the virus.
antibodies
This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.
reverse transcriptase
The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of [?] to the virus.
antibodies
In serology, it is the main purpose why most test done in bacteriology (back-up for serology), because what is determined is the [?] itself.
antigen
However, since it is a culture, it hard to let it grow. Unlike in serologic test, it is easier to see the infection if the [?] are used in the test.
antibodies
Why is there still no vaccine when it was discovered long time ago? That is because of the [?]
reverse transcriptase
this special enzyme makes it hard for the vaccine makers, especially that it can convert RNA into DNA, as oppose to the normal process where DNA is converted to RNA and RNA to protein
reverse transcriptase
REAGENTS:
Test kit (cassette) for HIV – 1 and 2 antibodies
SAMPLE:
Plasma or serum (should be free from contamination, hemolysis and lipemia)
PRINCIPLE:
IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY
IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY
Also called as
rapid test kits
The assay will start with a sample applied to the sample well to which a sample diluent is immediately added.
A [?] conjugated to colloidal gold embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HIV antibody present in serum or plasma in the patient, forming conjugate – HIV antibody complex.
recombinant HIV antigen
The reagent that is incorporated in the sample pad in the test kit will contain HIV antigen that is conjugated to the [?].
colloidal gold
The [?] is detected in the serum or plasma.
HIV antibody
If HIV antibody is present, it will combine with the [?] which is conjugated to the colloidal gold.
HIV antigen
It will form a complex
As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate – HIV antibody complex is captured by [?] immobilized on a membrane forming a colored test band in the test region.
recombinant HIV antigen
At least [?] are added on the sample pad (May vary; check for manufacturer’s instructions)
3 drops
If antibodies are present, HIV antigen conjugated with a colloidal gold complex will combine with the [?] in the patient. It will form a complex.
HIV antibody
This complex will be allowed to migrate along the [?].
test strip/pad
The conjugate HIV antibody complex is captured by another reagent in the test pad which is the [?] immobilized on the membrane forming a colored test band in the test region
recombinant HIV antigen
A [?] does not produce a test line due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate – HIV antibody complex.
negative sample
The antigens used in the conjugate test are recombinant proteins that correspond to [?].
highly immunoreactive regions of HIV – 1 and HIV – 2
A colored control band is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to [?] immobilized on the membrane.
anti – HIV antibody
The [?] indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional.
control line
The [?] indicates that the test is invalid.
absence of the control band
This is a [?] not a confirmatory test for HIV
screening test
HIV ANTIBODY RAPID TEST- USED IN UB CLINICAL LABORATORY
- Bring the kit components and specimen to room temperature
- Remove the test card from the sealed foil pouch
- Label the test card with patient’s identity
- Dispense [?] of the sample to the center of the sample well marked as “S”
- Wait for [?] then read the result
INTERPRETATION: [?]
- brand of test kit we use in UBCL is [?]
- Philippines is strict in using HIV test kits
- First requirement (HIV Analyst)
- UBCL HIV analyst – [?]
3 drops
15-25 minutes
nonreactive
INTECH
Gio Wallis, Faith Kelly, Bernadette Egtapen
If the test is stored in the refrigerator, make sure to remove the test from the ref beforehand.
HIV/SYPHILIS/HBV/HCV PANEL RAPID TEST
HIV/SYPHILIS/HBV/HCV PANEL RAPID TEST
Contents of the test kit:
plastic droppers
2 sample diluents
individually sealed foiled pouch
- this contains one cassette containing an HIV/Syphilis cassette on the left and HBV/HCV cassette on the right.
individually sealed foiled pouch
Before using the cassette check for [?].
expiration
For plasma/serum store specimens at [?] if not tested immediately for up to [?].
2-8 degree Celsius
5 days
Open the pouch and remove the device placing it on a [?].
flat surface
Samples should be at [?] prior to testing
room temperature
Label the device with the [?].
specimen ID number
Dispense [?] into each sample well. No bubbles.
one drop
Immediately add [?] sample diluent into the center of each sample well with the bottle positioned vertically
one drop
PINK CAP=
WHITE CAP=
For HIV/Syphilis cassette
For HBV/HCV cassette
Set timer for[?].
Read results at [?].
Results after [?] is INVALID.
For plasma/serum, store specimens [?] if not tested immediately for [?].
Make sure that when dispensing the sample and the sample diluent that the dropper and bottle are held [?].
Make sure not to [?] the sample well.
Do not switch the sample diluents.
15 min
15 min- 20 min
20 min
2-8 C; 2-5 days
vertically
overload
[?]is for HIV/Syphilis cassette.
PINK CAP
is for HBV/HCV cassette
WHITE CAP
Make sure to read results after
15-20 mins
Distinct colored band appears on the Test region (T) in addition to a colored band on the Control region (C) = POSITIVE; REPORTING is
REACTIVE
Just like any other test na magpopositive when it comes to your rapid test kits. Pag positive yan we are going to
reapeat the test in duplicate
No colored band appears on the Test region (T) but distinct colored band appears on the Control region (C); REPORTING is
NONREACTIVE
Neither Test (T) nor Control (C) colored band appears, or colored band only appears on the test region (T) but not on the Control region (C)
The specimen should be tested again using a new device
TAKE NOTE: we are going the result as [?] depending on the interpretation of the test kit
REACTIVE or NONREACTIVE
No line on the test and control region
invalid
There is a line on the test region but not on the control region
invalid
Repeat the test again
invalid
The name of the test kit, manufacturer, lot number, date performed and expiration of the test kit, the patient’s name, patient ID number, and the result
Result: [?] depending on the interpretation of the test kit
Reactive or Nonreactive
