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IMMUNE1 LAB MIDTERM AND FINALS > EXPERIMENT 17 > Flashcards

EXPERIMENT 17 Flashcards

1
Q

The etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human retrovirus known as[?].

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV – 1 and 2)

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2
Q

Retroviruses are defined as viruses that contain as single positive – stranded RNA, which contain the virus’ genetic formation, and a special enzyme known as[?] in their core.

A

reverse transcriptase

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3
Q

This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.

A

reverse transcriptase

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4
Q

The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of [?] to the virus.

A

antibodies

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5
Q

This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.

A

reverse transcriptase

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6
Q

The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of [?] to the virus.

A

antibodies

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7
Q

In serology, it is the main purpose why most test done in bacteriology (back-up for serology), because what is determined is the [?] itself.

A

antigen

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8
Q

However, since it is a culture, it hard to let it grow. Unlike in serologic test, it is easier to see the infection if the [?] are used in the test.

A

antibodies

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9
Q

Why is there still no vaccine when it was discovered long time ago? That is because of the [?]

A

reverse transcriptase

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10
Q

this special enzyme makes it hard for the vaccine makers, especially that it can convert RNA into DNA, as oppose to the normal process where DNA is converted to RNA and RNA to protein

A

reverse transcriptase

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11
Q

REAGENTS:

A

Test kit (cassette) for HIV – 1 and 2 antibodies

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12
Q

SAMPLE:

A

Plasma or serum (should be free from contamination, hemolysis and lipemia)

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13
Q

PRINCIPLE:

A

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY

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14
Q

IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY

Also called as

A

rapid test kits

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15
Q

The assay will start with a sample applied to the sample well to which a sample diluent is immediately added.

A
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16
Q

A [?] conjugated to colloidal gold embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HIV antibody present in serum or plasma in the patient, forming conjugate – HIV antibody complex.

A

recombinant HIV antigen

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17
Q

The reagent that is incorporated in the sample pad in the test kit will contain HIV antigen that is conjugated to the [?].

A

colloidal gold

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18
Q

The [?] is detected in the serum or plasma.

A

HIV antibody

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19
Q

If HIV antibody is present, it will combine with the [?] which is conjugated to the colloidal gold.

A

HIV antigen

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20
Q

It will form a complex

A
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21
Q

As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate – HIV antibody complex is captured by [?] immobilized on a membrane forming a colored test band in the test region.

A

recombinant HIV antigen

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22
Q

At least [?] are added on the sample pad (May vary; check for manufacturer’s instructions)

A

3 drops

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23
Q

If antibodies are present, HIV antigen conjugated with a colloidal gold complex will combine with the [?] in the patient. It will form a complex.

A

HIV antibody

24
Q

This complex will be allowed to migrate along the [?].

A

test strip/pad

25
Q

The conjugate HIV antibody complex is captured by another reagent in the test pad which is the [?] immobilized on the membrane forming a colored test band in the test region

A

recombinant HIV antigen

26
Q

A [?] does not produce a test line due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate – HIV antibody complex.

A

negative sample

27
Q

The antigens used in the conjugate test are recombinant proteins that correspond to [?].

A

highly immunoreactive regions of HIV – 1 and HIV – 2

28
Q

A colored control band is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to [?] immobilized on the membrane.

A

anti – HIV antibody

29
Q

The [?] indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional.

A

control line

30
Q

The [?] indicates that the test is invalid.

A

absence of the control band

31
Q

This is a [?] not a confirmatory test for HIV

A

screening test

32
Q

HIV ANTIBODY RAPID TEST- USED IN UB CLINICAL LABORATORY
- Bring the kit components and specimen to room temperature
- Remove the test card from the sealed foil pouch
- Label the test card with patient’s identity
- Dispense [?] of the sample to the center of the sample well marked as “S”
- Wait for [?] then read the result
INTERPRETATION: [?]
- brand of test kit we use in UBCL is [?]
- Philippines is strict in using HIV test kits
- First requirement (HIV Analyst)
- UBCL HIV analyst – [?]

A

3 drops

15-25 minutes

nonreactive

INTECH

Gio Wallis, Faith Kelly, Bernadette Egtapen

33
Q

If the test is stored in the refrigerator, make sure to remove the test from the ref beforehand.

A

HIV/SYPHILIS/HBV/HCV PANEL RAPID TEST

34
Q

HIV/SYPHILIS/HBV/HCV PANEL RAPID TEST
Contents of the test kit:

A

plastic droppers
2 sample diluents
individually sealed foiled pouch

35
Q
  • this contains one cassette containing an HIV/Syphilis cassette on the left and HBV/HCV cassette on the right.
A

individually sealed foiled pouch

36
Q

Before using the cassette check for [?].

A

expiration

37
Q

For plasma/serum store specimens at [?] if not tested immediately for up to [?].

A

2-8 degree Celsius

5 days

38
Q

Open the pouch and remove the device placing it on a [?].

A

flat surface

39
Q

Samples should be at [?] prior to testing

A

room temperature

40
Q

Label the device with the [?].

A

specimen ID number

41
Q

Dispense [?] into each sample well. No bubbles.

A

one drop

42
Q

Immediately add [?] sample diluent into the center of each sample well with the bottle positioned vertically

A

one drop

43
Q

PINK CAP=
WHITE CAP=

A

For HIV/Syphilis cassette

For HBV/HCV cassette

44
Q

Set timer for[?].
Read results at [?].
Results after [?] is INVALID.
For plasma/serum, store specimens [?] if not tested immediately for [?].
Make sure that when dispensing the sample and the sample diluent that the dropper and bottle are held [?].
Make sure not to [?] the sample well.
Do not switch the sample diluents.

A

15 min

15 min- 20 min

20 min

2-8 C; 2-5 days

vertically

overload

45
Q

[?]is for HIV/Syphilis cassette.

A

PINK CAP

46
Q

is for HBV/HCV cassette

A

WHITE CAP

47
Q

Make sure to read results after

A

15-20 mins

48
Q

Distinct colored band appears on the Test region (T) in addition to a colored band on the Control region (C) = POSITIVE; REPORTING is

A

REACTIVE

49
Q

Just like any other test na magpopositive when it comes to your rapid test kits. Pag positive yan we are going to

A

reapeat the test in duplicate

50
Q

No colored band appears on the Test region (T) but distinct colored band appears on the Control region (C); REPORTING is

A

NONREACTIVE

51
Q

Neither Test (T) nor Control (C) colored band appears, or colored band only appears on the test region (T) but not on the Control region (C)

A

The specimen should be tested again using a new device

52
Q

TAKE NOTE: we are going the result as [?] depending on the interpretation of the test kit

A

REACTIVE or NONREACTIVE

53
Q

No line on the test and control region

A

invalid

54
Q

There is a line on the test region but not on the control region

A

invalid

55
Q

Repeat the test again

A

invalid

56
Q

The name of the test kit, manufacturer, lot number, date performed and expiration of the test kit, the patient’s name, patient ID number, and the result

A
57
Q

Result: [?] depending on the interpretation of the test kit

A

Reactive or Nonreactive

IMMUNE1 LAB MIDTERM AND FINALS (16 decks)

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