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IMMUNE1 LAB MIDTERM AND FINALS > EXPERIMENT 16, 17, 18 > Flashcards

EXPERIMENT 16, 17, 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis C virus is an (?).

A

enveloped flavivirus

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2
Q

It is small, enveloped, (?) RNA virus.

A

single – stranded

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3
Q

Hepatitis C, previously called (?), was regarded as a diagnosis of exclusion because of the absence of specific serologic markers and unknown viral origin.

A

non – A, non – B (NANB) hepatitis

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4
Q

The general method of detecting infection with HCV is to observe the presence of antibodies to the virus in human (?).

A

serum or plasma

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5
Q

The etiologic agent of (?) is a human retrovirus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV – 1 and 2).

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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6
Q

Retroviruses are defined as viruses that contain as single positive – stranded RNA, which contain the virus’ genetic formation, and a special enzyme known as (?) in their core.

A

reverse transcriptase

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7
Q

This enzyme enables the virus to convert viral RNA to DNA in contrast to the normal process of transcription where DNA is converted to RNA.

A

reverse transcriptase

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8
Q

The general method for detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of (?) to the virus.

A

antibodies

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9
Q

Dengue fever belongs to the group (?), and is transmitted by a day – biting mosquito vector, (?).

A

flavivirus

Aedes aegypti

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10
Q

Primary dengue infection, also known as (?), is associated with (?).

A

dengue fever

mild to high fever, headache, muscle pain and skin rash

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11
Q

This may progress to a secondary infection that often results in (?) and circulatory failure with noticeable fatality rate.

A

high fever with hemorrhagic episode

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12
Q

(?) to dengue virus enables serodiagnosis and differentiation between primary and secondary dengue infections.

A

Specific antibody response

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13
Q

16, 17, 18

REAGENTS:

A

Test kit (cassette) for anti – HCV

Test kit (cassette) for HIV – 1 and 2 antibodies

Test kit (cassette) for dengue IgG/IgM combo test

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14
Q

16, 17, 18

SAMPLE:

A

16, 17 Plasma or serum

18 Whole blood (anticoagulated with EDTA, heparin or oxalate), plasma or serum

(should be free form contamination, hemolysis and lipemia)

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15
Q

16, 17, 18

PRINCIPLE:

A

Immunochromatography

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16
Q

Distinct colored band appears on the Test region (T) in addition to a colored band on the Control region (C)

A

POSITIVE

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17
Q

No colored band appears on the Test region (T) but distinct colored band appears on the Control region (C)

A

NEGATIVE

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18
Q

Neither Test (T) nor Control (C) colored band appears

A

INVALID

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19
Q

colored band only appears on the test region (T) but not on the Control region (C)

A

INVALID

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20
Q

The specimen should be tested again using a new device

A

INVALID

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21
Q

17

Dispense (?) of the sample to the center of the sample well (marked as “S”) of the test card using the plastic dropper provided

A

3 drops (100 µL)

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22
Q

16

Dispense (?) of the sample to the center of the sample well (marked as “S”) of the test card using the plastic dropper provided

A

1 drop (10 µL)

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23
Q

16

Add (?) of sample diluent to the diluent well (marked as “D”) immediately after the specimen is added

A

2 drops

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24
Q

Diluent

A

16, HCV

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25
Q

Buffer

A

17, DENGUE

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26
Q

18

Dispense (?) of the sample to the center of the sample well (marked as “S1”) of the test card using a micropipette

A

5 µL

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27
Q

18

Add (?) of sample buffer to well-marked as “S”

A

2 drops

28
Q

The assay starts with a sample applied to the sample well to which a sample diluent is immediately added.

A
29
Q

The HCV antigen – colloidal gold conjugate embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HCV antibody present in serum or plasma sample forming conjugate – HCV antibody complex.

A
30
Q

As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate – HCV antibody complex is captured by an antibody – binding protein immobilized on a membrane forming a colored test band in the test region.

A
31
Q

A negative sample does not produce a test line due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate – HCV antibody complex.

A
32
Q

The antigens used in the test are recombinant proteins corresponding to highly immunoreactive regions of HCV.

A
33
Q

A colored control band in the control region appears at the end of the test procedure regardless of the result.

A
34
Q

This control band is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to anti – HCV antibody immobilized on the membrane.

A
35
Q

The control line indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional.

A
36
Q

The absence of the control band indicates that the test is invalid.

A
37
Q

The assay starts with a sample applied to the sample well to which a sample diluent is immediately added.

A
38
Q

A recombinant HIV antigen conjugated to colloidal gold embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HIV antibody present in serum or plasma, forming conjugate – HIV antibody complex.

A
39
Q

As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate – HIV antibody complex is captured by recombinant HIV antigen immobilized on a membrane forming a colored test band in the test region.

A
40
Q

A negative sample does not produce a test line due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate – HIV antibody complex.

A
41
Q

The antigens used in the conjugate test are recombinant proteins that correspond to highly immunoreactive regions of HIV – 1 and HIV – 2.

A
42
Q

A colored control band is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to anti – HIV antibody immobilized on the membrane.

A
43
Q

The control line indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional.

A
44
Q

The absence of the control band indicates that the test is invalid.

A
45
Q

(?) are immobilized on the nitrocellulose membrane respectively, as two individuals test lines (IgM line and IgG line) located in the test window of the test device.

A

Mouse antihuman IgM and IgG antibodies

46
Q

The (?) in the test window is close to the sample well followed by IgM line.

A

IgG line

47
Q

As the test sample flows through the membrane within the test device, the colored dengue – specific recombinant antigen – colloidal gold conjugate complexes with the specific antibodies (IgM and/or IgG) against the dengue virus, if present in the sample.

A
48
Q

This complex moves further on the membrane to the test region where it is captured by the antihuman IgM and/or IgG antibodies coated on the membrane leading to the formation of a colored band which indicates a positive test result.

A
49
Q

Absence of this colored band in the test window indicates a negative test result.

A
50
Q

A built – in control line will always appear in the test window when the test has been performed properly, regardless of the presence or absence of anti – dengue virus antibodies in the specimen.

A
51
Q

What is the best method used to detect infections due to rubella, Epstein-Barr and human immunodeficiency viruses?

A

antibody detection by EIA

52
Q

Immunoassays are based on the principle of

A

a. separation of bound and free analyte

53
Q

The presence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and often HBeg is characteristic of

A

a. early acute phase HBV hepatitis

54
Q

An example of an organ specific disease with autoimmune antibodies is

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

55
Q

When testing a patient for HIV antibody, which of the following is used to confirm a positive screening test?

A

c. immunofluorescence

56
Q

The Rapid Plasma Reagin test

A

a. is useful in screening for syphilis

57
Q

What is the incubation period for mumps?

A

c. 14 to 18 days

58
Q

Which of the following is a slide agglutination screening test for the detection of antibodies to several streptococcal antigens?

A

a. Anti-DNase B testing
b. ASO testing
c. Streptozyme testing
d. All of the above

C or D

59
Q

Which of the following antigen detection procedures is the most specific test used to detect H. pylori?

A

Histological examination of gastric biopsy tissue

60
Q

Which of the following is the causative agent of rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

R. rickettsia

61
Q

The virus is transmitted by what mosquitoes of the daytime-biting Stegemyia family?

A

Aedes aegypti

62
Q

Result suggesting a secondary or past infection with dengue virus

A

mild to high fever, headache, muscle pain and skin rash

63
Q

Result suggesting either an acute primary or secondary dengue infection.

A

mild to high fever, headache, muscle pain and skin rash

64
Q

Result indicates a late primary or early secondary acute infection.

A

mild to high fever, headache, muscle pain and skin rash

65
Q

What is the amount of specimen dispensed on the sample well of the test

A

5uL

IMMUNE1 LAB MIDTERM AND FINALS (16 decks)

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