Post-1850 Britain

Question 1

Class

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 1

1) Emergence of a new middle class (these were factory workers). Class still dictated activities and how they were played

2) - Lower class sometimes professionals, middle / upper always amateur.

• Different classes played different sports

-Working class still had less access to sports due to time, money etc….

UC - Real tennis / hunting
MC - Lawn tennis
LC - Football

Question 2

Amateurism

Answer 2

Upper and middle class played as gentlemen amateurs. Focus was on enjoyment and not financial gain

Question 3

Professionalism

Answer 3

Lower class played as professionals and were paid

Question 4

Law

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 4

1) Development of police force and RSPCA - therefore more defined laws, and a sense of order in society. Laws were created by upper and middle class

2) - Decline of violent sports

• Limited changes in cruel activities for the upper class as they were the law makers
• Codification of sports brought rules and regulations
• Controlled gambling

Question 5

Education

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 5

1) Upper class boys tended to attend public schools (private education). State education came into place for working class (male and female) in 1870

2) - Increased access to a range of sports for the working class as education meant they could understand the complex rules of upper class games

• This led to an increase in participation

Question 6

Gender

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 6

1) Women still expected to run a family and be ladylike which conflicted with sport participation. Towards the late 1800s, growing equality in education, work and voting

2) - Gradual increase in women participation (started with PE in late 19th century)

• However, still lower female participation compared to male

Question 7

Income

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 7

1) Class dictated money which influenced activities. Lower class were paid for factory work (factory players earned broken time)

2) Means that participation increased (especially in LC) and also meant more people could afford to go and spectate matches

Question 8

Time

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 8

1) Average working week now 57 hours / 6 days. Factory owners viewed sport as a way to keep workers healthy and loyal (formation of work / factory teams). Saturday half days enabled sport to take place

2) - Growing participation for lower class due to slightly reduced working hours

• Also meant they had more energy to participate
• Weds / Sat half day increased participation
• However, still had less time compared to upper class

Question 9

Transport

1) Context

2) Effect on sport

Answer 9

1) Development of railways and water based transport. Significant improvement in quality of roads

2) - Possibility for some national / international away fixtures

• Regular league and cup fixtures
• Increased opportunity to play different sports (travel to facilities)