Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exotics Master > Porter Questions Answered by Linde, Converted to Brainscape by AH > Flashcards

Porter Questions Answered by Linde, Converted to Brainscape by AH Flashcards

1
Q

What type of poultry production brings the greatest income to the US economy?

A

Broilers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many eggs are consumed per capita in the US?

A

~250

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What species of poultry has the best feed efficiency – broiler or turkey?

A

Broiler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Export of US poultry products is valued at what level?

A

4.2 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what species of growing poultry are the sexes raised together- pullet, poult or broiler chick?

A

Broilers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Artificial insemination is a common practice with what species of poultry.

A

Turkeys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ninety-five percent of commercial layers are raised under what type of conditions?

A

Modified cages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nipple drinkers should not be used for which one of the following species: layer, broiler, turkey, duck?

A

Turkeys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of information in daily poultry records might help a veterinarian with a field investigation?

A
  • Egg production
  • BWs
  • Egg wts
  • Feed/H2O consumption
  • Mortality rate
  • House temps
  • Rations fed
  • Vax HX
  • Medication HX
  • Air quality
  • Who’s been there (visitors)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why type of clothing is most appropriate for a veterinarian to wear upon entering a poultry facility?

A

Coveralls, boots, bouffant, dust mask & gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the various methods for vaccinating poultry?

A 
Injection; 
In ovo injection; 
drinking H2O, Spray; 
Wing Web; 
Eye drops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are killed vaccines usually applied?

A

IM or SQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are live vaccines applied?

A
  1. Injection Marek’s Dz; 1 d old chicks
  2. In ovo injection Marek’s Dz; possibly IBD; Coccidiosis
  3. Eye/Nasal drops ILT & Mycoplasma gallisepticum (TS-11)
  4. Wing Web Fowl Pox; Avian encephalomyelitits; Pasteurella multicodia (Fowl Cholera); Chicken Anemia (CAV)
  5. Drinking H2O New Castle Dz (NCD); IBV; IBD; Avian encephalomyelitits
  6. Spray:
    Very fine (< 20 microns) NCD, IBV & MG
    Fine (< 50 microns) NCD & IBV
    Coarse (> 100 microns) IBD & Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of adverse effects of vaccination?

A

3-5 d. after NCD or IBV virus passes through flock & becomes pathogenic birds get Dz.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What vaccine virus is typically applied in ovo?

A

Marek’s mainly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages of a live vaccine?

A 
Easier    
Faster   
Superior in inducing mucosal immunity     
Long shelf life    
No skin/mm. rxns.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the Disadvantages of a live vaccine?

A

Adverse respiratory rxns
Require rapid application
Limited t1/2 in suspension
Dec. humoral immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are two ways you might elicit an exaggerated vaccine reaction when administering a respiratory virus vaccine spray to young birds?

A
  1. Using too fine of a spray droplets penetrate too deeply into the RT
  2. Spraying birds when they are over-heated/panting deeper penetration of droplets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List three or four features or additives of drinking water that can reduce the viability of a live vaccine virus.

A

Chlorine;
Disinfectants;
Organic matter;
Inc. H2O temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is pox virus vaccine administered to chickens? What is the anatomic site of inoculation? How can one confirm that each bird was successfully vaccinated?

A

Admin: Wing Web stick
Site: Pytagium
Confirm: “Pox Takes” 5-10 d. after injection get a distinct swelling @ injection site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is a water soluble dye added to live vaccines when administered in drinking water or eyedrop?

A

Verify vax. status of the bird stains them a “marker” color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the boney ring in the eye of birds? Is this structure present in mammals?

A

Scleral Ossicle; No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What unique anatomic features of the avian ribcage and vertebral column are useful for flight?

A

Synsacrum -Fused vertebrae give the spine rigidity for flight
Thoracic ribs have uncinate processes (overlapping projections, fused to adjacent ribs) to form a more rigid ribcage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is pneumatic bone?

A
  • Hollow bone that is infiltrated by air sacs; honey-comb structure on X-sec.
  • Medullary cavity –> diverticula of internal air sacs
  • Gallinaceous birds –> sternum, humerus, pelvis, C & T vertebrae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What bone of the wing anchors the secondary feathers?

A

Ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What two anatomic sites of the avian digestive tract have the lowest pH?

A

Proventriculs & Gizzard – pH 2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What anatomic features of the gizzard give it crushing strength and resistance to acid pH?

A

2 smooth mm. bands (thick & thin) oriented in opposite directions
Koilin –> thick protein cuticle that protects the mucosal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

List 4-5 unique anatomic or physiologic features of the avian respiratory tract that distinguish it from that of mammals.

A
  1. Choanal slit –> communicates directly w/ nasal cavity
    2 Cycle Respiration –> unidirectional air movement & greater O2 exchange via counter current mechanism
  2. Have air sacs
  3. Infraorbital sinus communicates directly w/ nasal cavitiy & is not encased in bone
  4. Dorsal & ventral bronchi –> Parabronchi air capillaries –> Blood vessels (O 2 movement)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the name of the national organization the monitors several egg-transmitted diseases in poultry breeder flocks? List five infectious agents that are monitored through this program.

A

NPIP - National Poultry Improvement Plan

  1. S. pullorum-gallinarum;
  2. M. gallisepticum;
  3. M. synoviae;
  4. M. meleagridis,
  5. Avian Influenza
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the official NPIP test for antibodies to Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum? What term describes a bird that tests positive on this test?

A

Salmonella pullorum Plate Agglutination Test

+ = Reactor bird

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

List 7-8 possible sources of Salmonella contamination in a poultry operation.

A 
Transovarian (Vertical); 
Direct or indirect contact w/ infected birds (respiratory or fecal); 
Contaminated food, water or litter; 
Egg or hatchery contamination; 
Poor biosecurity
32
Q

What is “inflammatory process” of broilers? With what microorganism is this usually associated?

A

Cellulitits; E. coli

33
Q

What is the classic triad of lesions that is characteristic of Escherichia coli infection in chickens?

A

Pericarditis Perihepatitis Airsacculitits

34
Q

What is salpingitis? What microorganism is most often isolation from this condition in laying hens?

A

Inflammation of the oviduct E. coli

35
Q

How does a bird generally incur infection with Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Invades through damaged skin as it is ubiquitous in the environment

36
Q

List 3-4 conditions that are commonly associated with staphylococcal infection.

A

Wounds accidental or induced
Damaged skin
Nutritional deficiencies (such as of biotin)
Contamination through naval at hatchery
Immune-compromised animals

37
Q

Attention to what features in a poultry house should help to reduce staphylococcal infections?

A
  1. Proper management
  2. Prevent injury and immunocompromised poultry
  3. Reduce wood splinters in litter, protruding wires from cages, and fighting/cannibalism
  4. Sanitary equipment beak and toe trimming procedures
  5. Good litter management –> prevent Bumblefoot
  6. Hatchery sanitation and good egg management practices
38
Q

Of the four possible sources of infection what is the most common manner in which male turkeys contract Erysipelothrix infection? What is one additional route in which turkey breeder hen can contract the infection?

A

Fighting amongst male

Via AI

39
Q

Do Pasteurella multocida and Erysipelothrix usually infect young (10 weeks) birds? Which of these agents is Gram positive and which one is Gram negative?

A

Erysipelothrix: older birds (> 10 wks); Gram (+)

Pasteurella multocida: older birds (> 10 wks for turkeys & > 16 wks for chickens); Gram (-)

40
Q

What microorganism that is commonly isolated from the oral cavity of cats and raccoon can be carried into a poultry house and is directly infectious to poultry?

A

Pasteurella multocida

41
Q

What are gross lesions of Mycobacterium avium infection in poultry?

A

Emaciation w/ nodules in Spleen, Liver, Intestine & BM (granulomas or tubercles)

42
Q

What parasitic infection or dietary features might predispose a broiler chicken to develop necrotic enteritis?

A

Coccidiosis & Roundworms

Fish meal or wheat in rations

43
Q

What disease and infectious agent of broilers is associated with a necrotic pseudomembrane lining the small intestine?

A 
Necrotic enteritits    
Clostridium perfringens (A & C)
44
Q

What is the hallmark lesion of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in turkeys, and hence the disease name in turkeys? What is the anatomic site that is usually enlarged? Is the exudate associated with MG infection in turkeys caseous, suppurative or seromucoid?

A

Lesions:
Nasal exudate on wings & air sacs; Conjunctivitis with frothiness about the eyes Swollen infraoribital sinus –> called Infectious sinusitis in Turkeys
Clear, seromucoid exudate

45
Q

What Mycoplasma agent preferentially infects joints (arthritis)?

A

Mycoplasma synoviae

46
Q

What Mycoplasma agent, in particular, is referred to as “venereal disease of tom turkeys” because it has been transmitted to hens by artificial insemination.

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis

47
Q

“Raccoon eye” is a prominent feature of what bacterial infection of turkeys? Why is exudate also present on the shoulders of infected birds? What effect on the trachea can cause infected poults to have a high-pitched chirp and respiratory distress?

A

Bordetlla avium
Turkey Coryza
Conjunctivitis w/ shoulder exudate
Tracheal cytotoxin –> damages ciliated epithelium; dissolved cartilage (tracheal collapse)

48
Q

How is Aspergillosis contracted? What is the hallmark lesion in the lung? Can it be transmitted from bird to bird?

A

Due to spore inhalation –> ubiquitous in environment –> dusty litter or contaminated eggs.
Yellow to grey nodules a few mm to several cm in diameter in the lungs
No, it’s an environmental contaminant

49
Q

What husbandry practice is a common cause of overgrowth of Candida yeast in the crops of young birds.

A

Long-term oral Antibiotic therapy (> 7-10 d)

50
Q

Compare Marek’s disease and Lymphoid Leukosis: a) Which virus can be transmitted vertically (through the egg?) b)What form of cancer is produced by each virus?

A

a. Lymphoid Leukosis transmitted through egg.
b. cancer produced by each: Marek’s Dz –> T-cell Lymphoma & Skin leukosis. Lymphoid Leukosis –> B cell Lymphoma of the Bursa of Fabricius

51
Q

What is the etiologic virus for Marek’s and Lymphoid Luekosis?

A

Marek’s Dz : GHV-2

Lymphoid Leukosis : Retrovirus

52
Q

Which disease causes formation of tumors with paralysis?

A

Marek’s Dz.

53
Q

Which virus has the shorted incubation period- i.e., can occur as early as 4 weeks of age?

A

Marek’s Dz.

54
Q

Which condition is routinely covered by hatchery vaccination. How are the birds vaccinated?

A

Marek’s Dz.

in ovo vaccines

55
Q

What virus causes immunosuppression in chickens by direct damage to the Bursa of Fabricius

A

Lymphoid Leukosis

56
Q

Aside from neurotropic END and HPAI, what are two viruses that can cause neurological signs (paralysis, tremors, ataxia) in chickens?

A

Infectious Bursal Dz (IBD)
Marek’s Dz
Newcastle Dz.

57
Q

Avian encephalomyelitis virus is usually administered in a wing web stick along with what other virus?

A

Pox virus

58
Q

What are the dry and wet forms of poxvirus infection?

A

Dry: scabs on comb, eyelids, wattles & feet On the skin where there are no feathers
Wet: scabs in mouth & trachea (“tracheal plugs”) worse Occurs in the mucosa

59
Q

What is the classical histological lesion that can be used to diagnosis poxvirus infection?

A

Bollinger bodies –> IC inclusion bodies w/ proliferation of epithelium

60
Q

How is poxvirus vaccine usually administered to chickens?

A

Wing Web Vax

61
Q

What are the pathotypes of Newcastle disease? Which pathotype is widespread in U.S. poultry operations? Which pathotype is reportable to the state and federal governments.

A

Pathotypes: APMV-1, 2, 3, 6, & 7 (Paramyxovirus)

Widespread in US: Lentogenic strain, Velogenic strains of APMV 1

Reportable: Exotic Newcastle Dz -

62
Q

What pathotype of Newcastle disease can closely resemble that of highly pathogenic avian influenza?

A 
Cyanosis     
Facial edema    
Edema of neck, especially near thoracic inlet     
Visceral hemorrhage     
Hemorrhage & necrosis of cecal tonsils
63
Q

What pathotype of Newcastle disease is used to create U.S. vaccines?

A

Lentogenic strains

Mild B1 strain, followed by LaSota strain

64
Q

What is the hallmark histological lesion of infectious laryngotracheitis?

A

Heterophilic inflammation & necrosis

Epithelial syncytia containing eosinophilic IN inclusion bodies

65
Q

Why is it practical to vaccinate a chicken flock for infectious laryngotracheitis at the same time that the flock is experiencing a challenge with field ILT virus?

A

Because it is spread slowly, so Vaxing during an outbreak will protect other birds from the field challenge.

66
Q

What respiratory virus of chickens can undergo a latency phase in the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) for up to 16 months

67
Q

What are two herpesviruses that infect chickens?

A

Marek’s Dz ILT

68
Q

What respiratory virus of chickens can also cause reduced egg production, wrinkled egg shells as well as kidney damage (urolithiasis- nephrotropic virus)?

A

Infectious Bronchitis

69
Q

What are the two routes of infection for the reovirus that causes viral arthritis?

A

Direct Egg transmission

70
Q

Reovirus has been documented in 2014 to cause arthritis in what poultry species other than chickens?

A

Turkeys

71
Q

What term describes the phenomenon of influenza viruses sharing genomic segments in a host cell?

A

Antigenic shift –> significant feature of Orthomyxovirus

72
Q

What types of birds have been shown to serve as a long time source and mixing vessel for avian influenza viruses?

A

Wild Water fowl & Shorebirds

73
Q

How do the gross lesions of HPAI resemble that of viscerotropic END?

A

Swollen faces; dark combs, wattles & legs; cyanosis & hemorrhages throughout the internal organs; necrosis of cecal tonsils

74
Q

What form of avian influenza regularly occurs in Midwest turkey flocks?

A

Low pathogenicity form LPAI

75
Q

What two hemagglutinin types of avian influenza virus, when identified, must be reported to the World Health Organization and can result in a ban on export of poultry products to other countries?

A

Avian Influenza H5 & H7

Exotics Master (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions