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Exotics Master > Dr. Porter- Avian Vacs (LS) > Flashcards

Dr. Porter- Avian Vacs (LS) Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 condition are needed to create an infectious dz?

A
  1. susceptible host
  2. challenge organism (agent)
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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Vacs used in the poultry industry?

A
  • Killed
  • Live
  • Live-recombinant
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3
Q

What are the 6 possible Vax routes of admin?

A
  • Injection
  • In ovo
  • H2O
  • Spray
  • Wing web
  • Eye drops
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4
Q

What is the standard route for killed agent vaxs?

A

Injection

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5
Q

When used you NOT use an vaccine emulsion?

A

When it is “broken” → 3 layers w/ the bottom being dark brown or black

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6
Q

How do you test vax emulsions?

A
  • Shake vigoroulsy for 2 min
  • Let sit for 5 min
  • Observe for seperation
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7
Q

What % of birds get missed when using Killed Vaxs?

A

10-15% are NOT vaccinated

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8
Q

List the 4 Oil-emulsion Bacterins used in the Poultry industry.

(Killed vaxs→ more reactive vaxs)

A
  • Coryza
  • Cholera
  • Mycoplasma gallisepticum
  • Salmonella enteriditis
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9
Q

Advantages of Killed Vaxs?

A
  • Fewer systemic rxns
  • More direct hits
  • Doesn’t spread to others
  • Long lasting, uniform immune response
  • Reduces risk of interference when using mulitiple Ags.
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10
Q

Who usually gets killed vaxs?

A

Breeders

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11
Q

Disadvantages of Killed Vaxs?

A
  • Increased labor costs → more handling required
  • Adjuvants
  • Contaminated needles
  • Can get exaggerated tissue rxns
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12
Q

Advantages of Live Vaxs?

A
  • Easy & fast to apply
  • Superior→ mucosal immunity
  • Longer shelf life
  • No skin/mm. rxns
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13
Q

Disadvantages of Live Vaxs?

A
  • Adverse rxns in the respiratory tract
  • Require rapid application
  • Limited microorganism t½
  • Shorter humoral immune response
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14
Q

What type is the Laryngeotracheitis vax?

A

Live-Recombinant Vaccine

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15
Q

Marek’s dz is a _____ vax. When is it injected?

A

Live, in ovo vax

Day 1 @ hatchery

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16
Q

How is the Pox Vaccine given?

(TQ)

A

Wing Web Injection

17
Q

What 4 things are vaccinated against using a Wing Web Vac?

A
  • Pox virus
  • Avian Encephalitis
  • P. multocida
  • Chick Anemia
18
Q

When do outbreaks of Fowl Poxs occur in Poultry farms?

A

Most outbreaks are associated w/ inproper admin of Wing Web vaccines.

19
Q

What is a Pox “take”?

A
  • Area of swlling 5-10 d after a wing web injection
    • evidence that birds are responding to the vaccine
20
Q

What % of birds should have “takes”?

A

99%

21
Q

When should in ovo vaxs be given for optimal performance?

A

Vax innoculation must be done btwn 18-19 d of embryo incubation

22
Q

What 5 dz’s are vaccinated for using Eyedrop Vax?

A
  • Live NCD
  • Live Infectious Bronchitis
  • Infectious Bursal Dz. (IBD)
  • ILT→HALLMARK ONE
  • TS-11 (MG)
23
Q

How do you admin Drinking H2O Vaxs?

A
  • Clean H2O lines
  • “H2O starve” birds for ~ 2hrs
  • Fill lines b4 lights on/lines lowered
  • Use approved dye & vax stabilizer
  • Flush lines full of vac
  • Should last for ~ 30 min
  • Run the feeders to increase drinking
24
Q

4 things that cause a rapid loss of Drinking Water Vax t½.

A
  • Chlorine
  • Disinfectants
  • High H2O temp.
  • Organic matter
25
Q

Advantages of Spray Vaxs?

A
  • Easiest to admin
  • Easy to prepare
  • Rapid, mass administration
  • Quick
26
Q

Disadvantages of Spray Vaxs?

A
  • Excessive dust reduces spray effectiveness
  • Low humidity → evaporation of spray droplets
  • open-mouth breathing increases virulence
27
Q

Micron size of Very Coarse Sprays?

Which dz is vaccinated for in this manner?

A
  • 200-300 microns
  • Coccidiosis
28
Q

Micron size of Coarse Sprays?

On whom?

A
  • 80-100 microns
  • young birds
29
Q

Micron size of Medium Sprays?

Use?

A
  • 50-70 microns
  • 2nd dary vaxs
30
Q

Microns of Fine Sprays?

Use?

A
  • 20-40 microns
  • revaccinating older birds
31
Q

Adverse Rxns after NCD/Bronchitis Vac?

A
  • Seen 3-5 d. post vax
  • “Heating up” → virus becomes less attenuated (& more pathogenic) as it passes through the flock
32
Q

If you don’t maintain your spray vax equipement what can happen?

A

loss of uniformity of droplet size

inproper vaccination

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