Polymers of Life 1 + 2: Polyesters & Polyamides Flashcards
Definition of condensation polymerisation
Reaction wear many small molecules ( monomers ) joined together to make a long chain molecules with a small molecule ( often water ) formed
Give some examples of natural polymers that are condensation polymers
- silk
- starch
- DNA
Name the two main types of condensation polymers
- Polyester
2. Polyamides
How are polyesters formed
When dicarboxylic acids react with diols ( 2 alcohols groups in same molecule )
( esters = carboxylic acid + alcohol)
Look at sheet on how to draw a condensation polymerisation equation
Look at sheet
= remove OH from carboxylic acid and H from an alcohol to make polymer structure
Why can you hydrolyse polyesters
Because they are made of ester linkages
= Ester linkage ( which is polar ) is broken
Definition of hydrolysed
Break apart in the presence of a strong acid or specific enzyme
= reversible reaction
Are polyesters biodegradable and why
Yes
Because they can be hydrolysed = ester linkage ( polar bond ) is broken ( in the presence of a strong acid or a specific enzyme ) into their constituent acid and alcohol = biodegradable
How are Polyamides formed
Reaction between dicarboxylic acids and diamines
amides = carboxylic acids + amines
Are Polyamides biodegradable
Yes
Because they can be hydrolysed = amide linkage ( polar bond ) is broken ( in the presence of a strong acid or a specific enzyme ) into their constituent acid and alcohol = biodegradable
Look at sheet to learn how do Polyamide formation equations
Look at sheet
= remove OH from carboxylic acid and H from amine
Describe what addition polymers are and how they are formed
Long chain molecules made from joining together many shorter molecules ( monomers ) together to form a long chain molecules with nothing else produced
Describe what condensation polymers are and how they are formed
Long chain molecules made from joining together many shorter molecules (monomers) together to form a long chain molecules with one small molecule also formed ( eg. water)
What monomers form addition polymers
- alkenes
- molecules with C=C bonds
What monomers for condensation polymers
- dicarboxylic acids + diols
- dicarboxylic acids + diamines
- amino acids
Give three examples of addition polymers
- Poly( ethene )
- PVC
- poly ( propene )
Give two examples of condensation polymers
- polyesters ( eg. terylene )
2. polyamides ( eg. nylon, Kevlar )
Describe the biodegradeability of addition polymers
Non-biodegradable due to absence of polar bonds in the main chain all bonds are C-C
Describe the biodegradability of condensation polymers
Biodegradable due to the presence of polar C-N or C-O bonds in main chain
What kind of condensation polymer is nylon
Polyamide
What two molecules is nylon-
6,6 formed from
- 1,6-diaminohexane
- 1,6- hexane dioic acid
( hexane-1,6-dioic acid )
= nylon- 6, 6
Look at sheet on how to do condensation polymerisation equation for nylon and different numbered nylons
Look at sheet
What would nylon-5, 10 be made from
- 1,5-diaminopentane
- 1,10- decane dioic acid
( decane-1,10-dioic acid )
What two molecules are used to make the polyester PET ( terylene )
- ethene- 1,2- diol
2. Benzene- 1,4 - dicarboxylic acid
