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2022-23 > Political Science Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Political Science Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Conservatives are generally open/adverse to change and hold ______ values

A

adverse, traditional

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2
Q

Liberals/Conservatives are willing to respect and accept others’ differing opinions and are open to change

A

Liberals

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3
Q

Both conservatives and liberals promote _____ ________

A

free enterprise

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4
Q

One of the many political parties without wide voter support

A

minor party

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5
Q

A governmental system in which 2 larger parties that dominate elections

A

two-party system

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6
Q

The 4 reasons the United States has a two-party system

A
  1. Historical Basis - America has always had a two-party system since the constitution
  2. Tradition - Americans are used to a two-party system and have no incentive to change it
  3. Electoral System - Ensures that the winning candidate receives the majority of votes (>50%); Dem. & Rep. write laws to keep 3rd parties out
  4. Ideological Consensus - Americans share basic ideas on government; Our major parties are already pretty “middle of the road”
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7
Q

One person holds office/ wins an election

A

Sing-member districts

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8
Q

Groups of persons who join together because they want to gain control of the government through winning elections

A

Political parties

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9
Q

Allegiance to a political party

A

partisanship

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10
Q

In the United States, the major parties are the…

A

Democrats and Republicans

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11
Q

The party that controls the executive branch is known as the…

A

party in power

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12
Q

Parties that hold an emphasis on principles & public policy positions

A

Issue-oriented

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13
Q

Parties that place emphasis on winning elections (specifically presidential)

A

Election-oriented

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14
Q

The two major parties in the US are ______-oriented

A

election

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15
Q

What were the “Seeds” of the Two Party system in the United States?

A

The debate over the ratification of the Constitution (Federalists-Alexander Hamilton vs Anti-Federalists-Thomas Jefferson)

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16
Q

What were the first two parties/two party system in the United States

A

Federalists (Hamilton) , Democratic Republicans (T. Jefferson)

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17
Q

Beliefs of the Federalists

A

-Strong central government
-Loose constitution
-For National Bank (Gov. controls economy)
-Fear Anarchy

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18
Q

Beliefs of the Democratic Republicans

A

-Stronger state governments
-Strict construction of the constitution
-Against National Bank (Gov. does not control economy)
-Fear tyranny

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19
Q

1800-1860; period of time when the democratic party won many elections in a row/dominated the elections

A

Era of the Democrats (Democrats & Whigs)

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20
Q

Beliefs of the first Democrats, founded by Andrew Jackson

A

-Expansion
-Increase white male voting rights
-Agree to slavery
-Increase elected offices
-For spoils system (whoever wins the election chooses the entire presidential cabinet & office holders)

21
Q

Beliefs of the Whigs

A

-against expansion
-supported high tarif

22
Q

Split democrats and ex-Whigs joined together to form the ______ party

A

Republican

23
Q

(1860-1932); A period of time in which elections were largely dominated by Republicans

A

Era of the Republicans

24
Q

Which group of people were a major source of support for the Republican party in the Era of the Republicans

A

Newly freed African Americans
(and farmers & laborers)

25
Q

1932-1968; Period in which democrats, once again return to dominate the majority of elections

A

Return of the Democrats

26
Q

What major event caused the switch from the Era of the Republicans to the Return of the Democrats

A

The Great Depression; changed peoples’ views on the role of government in society

27
Q

Major president in the Return of the Democrats

A

Franklin Roosevelt:
-served 4 terms (led to term limit)
-Diverse cabinet
-Promoted economic & social welfare programs
-Gained support of Democrats and Minorities

28
Q

1968-Present; No common Trend (constant switches from D -> R and vise versa); When the President is one party, the House or Senate is likely the other party

A

Divided Government

29
Q

The 5 Major Functions of Political Parties

A
  1. Nominating Candidates
  2. Informing and Activating Supporters
  3. Bonding Agent
  4. Governing
  5. Acting as Watchdog
30
Q

The function of a political party in which parties select candidates that set their party away from other parties

A

Nominating Candidates

31
Q

The function of a political party in which parties inform people and activate their interest in pubic affairs

A

Informing and activating supporters

32
Q

The function of a political party in which a party chooses candidates who are qualified and of good character

A

Bonding agent

33
Q

The function of a political party in which parties help the legislative and executive branches work together

A

Governing

34
Q

The function of a political party in which the party that is out of power criticizes the party that is in power to try and get the opposing party out, and their party in

A

Acting as Watchdog

35
Q

The function that most clearly sets political parties apart from other political groups operating in the US is ________________ for elective office

A

Nominating Candidates

36
Q

Broadly based parties, like those in the US, tend to reduce and moderate political conflict by

A

encouraging conflicting groups to agree to compromise solutions

37
Q

Under the system of separation of powers, political parties are usually the agents that prompt cooperation between

A

the legislative and executive branches

38
Q

The #1 indicator of personal party choice

A

Family

39
Q

The current Democratic voter profile

A

Minority, Catholic/Jew, Female, Lower income, lower occupation, Urban, Younger

40
Q

The current Republican voter profile

A

White, Protestant, Male, Higher income, Higher Occupation, Older, Rural

41
Q

The 4 types of Minor Parties

A

Ideological
Single-Issue
Economic Protest
Splinter

42
Q

Characteristics of an Ideological minor party

A

-Based on a particular set of beliefs
-Comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters
-Most have been based on some type of Marxist thought
(ex: Socialist, Communist, Libertarian)

43
Q

Characteristic of a Single-Issue minor party

A

-Focus on only one public-policy matter
-Primary concern indicated by name
-Fade from history as events change, they fail to attract voters, and major parties adopt their key issues

44
Q

Characteristics of an Economic Protest minor party

A

-Rooted in periods of economic distress
-Disgust with major parties, demand better times
-Focus anger on real or imagined enemies (Wall Street, railroads)
-Fade when times get better

45
Q

Characteristics of a Splinter minor party

A

-Split away from one of the major parties
-Usually form around a strong personality
-Fade when that leader steps aside

46
Q

2 Reasons of importance of minor parties

A

Spoiler Role, Critic/Innovator

47
Q

What is the Spoiler Role of minor parties?

A

Even if a minor party does not win any electoral votes, it can pull votes away from one of the major parties

48
Q

What is the Critic/Innovator role of minor parties?

A

-Ready, willing, and able to take clear-cut stands on controversial issues
-Draw attention to some issue the major parties choose to ignore
Source of frustration: when their proposals have gained support, the major parties of take over their ideas and present them as their own

2022-23 (15 decks)

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