Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Politics > political parties > Flashcards

political parties Flashcards

1
Q

define party funding and features and examples

A

the ways party get money in order to run their party and campaigns
- MPs are given basic salary of £76k a year paid by general taxation and can claim expenses to run their office
- electoral commission monitors party funding
membership subscription, fundraising, events, donations, loans, self financing, state funding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define membership subscriptions and evaluate

A

money raised from membership fees
- differing amounts and size of membership depending on party
+ more popular parties get more money
- less people interested in party memberships, small parties cannot breakthrough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define fundraising events and evaluate

A

ways to raise money in the community
- party conferences- people pay to attend, businesses can hire stands
– dinner events
- local quiz, fish and chip, bingo
+ shows who is more popular- more people attended Labour Conference in 2023 which hints at their potential win, local event encourage MPs to interact with constituents
- smaller parties can’t afford conferences and businesses aren’t willing to invest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define donations and evaluate

A

money from members, wealthy individuals, companies and money left in wills
- people can gain influence through donations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define loans

A

from companies and individuals but the money has to be paid back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define self financing and evaluate

A

pay for your own campaign
- almost guaranteed candidate, stops smaller candidate from winning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define state funding and evaluate

A

money from government to aid campaigning
- up to £2 million of grant available from the Electoral Commission per party
- Policy Development Grants- money to hire advisors on policy
- Short Money- money given to the opposition parties to facilitate their parliamentary work, decided by number of votes and seats
- Cranborne Money for HoL
+ help opposition to create good policy and hold government to account, stops wealthy groups influencing
- smaller parties have less seats so less money and are less likely to breakthrough, disagreement on allocation of money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

donation scandals

A
  • ecclestones £1 million donation to Labour in 1997 to let F1 be exempt from
    ban on advertising tobacco
  • Mandelson met with Brian Davis, founder of the International Fund for Animal Welfare he collected a £1m cheque, which led to ban on go hunting
  • 2012 Peter Cruddas was offered access to PM in exchange for £250k
  • Dominic Johnson donated £300k to Conservatives for peerage under Truss
  • single largest conservative donor hester made a racial comment about dianna abott and labour calls for the £10m to be returned
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2018 donations data from institute for government

A
  • labour got £30m from donations and £9.1m from state
  • under £1m state money for state parties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2000 political parties, elections and referendums act

A
  • independent electoral commission set up to supervise policy spending
  • £30k per constituency
  • donations more than £5k to main party or £1k to local constituency party has to be declared
  • donations over £7.5k were to be placed on electoral register
  • donors not on electoral roll were not accepted
  • applied to loans in 2010
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

trade union act 2015

A

instead of part of membership fees automatically going to Labour, people have to opt in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

alternative party funding methods

A
  • impose restrictions on size of individual donations
  • tight restriction on how much parties can spend
  • replace all funding with state grants by general taxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

evaluation of alternative party funding methods

A

+ allow parties to have a level playing field and gives them more of an opportunity to
- bigger parties will always have more donors, restrict education and engagement, liberty and rights of people, individuals will have links to businesses, may not want their taxes to support a party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

traditional conservative views on state

A
  • defence of property
  • traditional authority against the threat of revolution
  • appeal to middle class and land owning aristocracy
  • hierarchical state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

traditional conservatives views on economy

A

-gradual reform in order to protect and conserve established institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

traditional conservatives views on foreign policy

A
  • security
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

one nation conservatives view on state

A
  • bridge the gulf between the classes through a paternalistic social policy
  • obligation to act benevolently to the disadvantaged so they let you stay in power
  • social reform
  • welfare state
  • pragmatic and non-ideological state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

one nation conservatives view on economy

A
  • mixed economy, where there is free enterprise with some state intervention
  • maintain high level of employment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

one nation view on foreign policy

A
  • patriotic foreign policy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

new right conservatives view on state

A
  • privatisation of industries and services
  • legal limits on trade unions
  • tough approach on law and order- police and judicial systems
  • roll back the state- however is difficult with demands of NHS
  • ideological and dogmatic approach
  • neo conservatism
  • ideological
  • authoritarian approach to morality
  • section 28- no promotion of homosexuality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

new right conservatives view on economy

A
  • reduce state intervention- laissez faire
  • control of public spending
  • tax cuts
  • neo liberalism
  • privatisation of industries and services- BT, BA
  • toleration of high levels of unemployment
  • deregulation like finance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

new right conservatives view on foreign policy

A
  • British interest abroad
  • protect natural sovereignty against growth of European community
  • division between Eurosceptics and people who wanted to integrate more
  • USSR, Falklands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

modern conservatives view on the state

A
  • more interest in environment
  • valued public services like NHS
  • legalisation of gay marriage
  • reforms of voting system
  • upgrading britains nuclear weapons
  • tough sentencing on crimes
  • rehabilitation facilities
  • tripled tuition fees
  • state needs to help the most deprived but as minimally as possible
  • big society- union between state and charities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

modern conservatives views on economy

A
  • encourages low income people and on benefits to take up employment- universal, credit
  • reduce the budget deficit
  • austerity
  • maintain confidence of the financial markets
  • prevent britains borrowing costs from rising
    -whitehall departments cut by 35%
  • power and desirability for free markets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

modern conservatives view on foreign policy

A
  • strong links with USA
  • support air strikes against Islamic terror group
  • pragmatic Euroscepticism
  • EU referendum
  • Syria, Iraq, Libya
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

current conservatives views on state

A
  • cutting NHS waiting lists
    levelling up policy across the UK
  • social care reform
  • Johnson wants to be liberal, but becomes authoritarian due to Covid
  • laxed attitude towards law and order- commitment to 200,000 more police officers
  • sunak- smoking ban and longer sentencing, national service
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

current conservatives views on economy

A
  • mini budget- low taxes, high spending
  • cut taxes
  • johnson- spend £70bn on furlough (80% of wage) during covid
  • cut down on public spending
  • Sunak- halving inflation, reducing NI by 2%, scrap non dom status which is usually left wing policy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

current conservatives views on foreign policy

A
  • rwanda policy- harsher restrictions on immigration
  • delivery of Brexit
  • Ukraine/Russia
  • Sunak- air strikes with houthi rebels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

old labour views on state

A
  • get more working class MPs into Parliament
  • improve living conditions for working class
  • NHS
  • system of social security
  • importance of welfare policy- beveridge report
  • creation of comprehensive schools
  • political party of the trade unions- workers rights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

old labour views on economy

A
  • common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange- clause IV
  • nationalise key industries and services- rail, coal, utilities
  • increase taxation and spending
  • keynesian policy- mixed economics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

old labour views on foreign policy

A
  • withdrawal from European Economic Community- too capitalist and against free markets
  • scrap trident nuclear programme- nuclear weapons on standby
  • oppose war
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

new labour views on state

A
  • welfare benefits- more conditions for them
  • ASBOs (anti social behaviour orders)
  • tough on crime- extending time suspects can be detained in terrorism suspicion, proposing ID cards
  • devolution
  • human rights act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

new labour views on economy

A
  • revising clause IV of labour constitution and no longer committed to nationalisation
  • emphasis on wealth creation and reduce poverty- minimum wage
  • conserving resources before investing more in public services
  • increase in NI contributions which led to largest rise in NHS spending
  • downgrade trade unions
  • private sector to deliver public services- private finance initiative contracts to private firms for more schools and hospitals
  • makes bank of england independent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

new labour view on foreign policy

A
  • pro european with more EU adopted policies
  • close links with US government - Iraq
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

miliband view on state

A
  • reduce tuition fees to £6k
  • freeze energy prices
    opposed private sector to deliver public services
36
Q

corbyn view on state

A
  • austerity opposition- stop cuts
  • nationalise railway, royal mail and broadband
  • workers rights- banning 0 hours, trade union power
  • opposed tuition fees
37
Q

miliband view on economy

A
  • restoration of 50% top rate income tax
  • 10p tax band
  • no to bedroom tax
  • mansion tax
38
Q

corbyn view in economy

A
  • 50p tax rate
  • increase in corporation tax
39
Q

milband and corbyn view on foreign policy

A

-withdrawal of UK from NATO
- wants to abolish Trident nuclear weapons
- support brexit
- voted against use of force (corbyn) and wants UN backing and Parliament before violence
-miliband- no to syrian airstrike

40
Q

starmer view on state

A
  • great british energy- new publicly owned power generation company
  • cut NHS waiting list
  • free school breakfast
  • renationalise railways
  • health and care reform
  • devolution
  • pledged to abolish HoL
  • technical education
  • “take back the streets”- local gangs and drugs
  • control borders
41
Q

starmer view on economy

A
  • spend £28bn a year in green investment scrapped
  • raising productivity growth
  • cut down in spending- fiscal rules for not overspending
  • not going to revere cap in bankers bonuses
  • VAT on private schools
42
Q

starmer view on foreign policy

A
  • favour military aid to israel in hamas
  • voted remains
  • wants to revisit brexit deal
  • supports airstrikes to houthi rebels
  • keep trident and stay in NATO
43
Q

history of liberal democrats

A
  • founded in 1988 but descended from Whigs who were opponents to the conservatives and represented the working and middle class
    -barter the first world war to the second world war, they lose support after they failed to defined their identity
  • 1981, liberals joined a division from the labour party, social democrat party, and became the liberal democrat’s in 1988
  • party grew during the 1990s and 2000s under Paddy Ashdown and Charles Kennedy by campaigning on specific on seats and became the 3rd largest party
  • joined coalition under clegg in 2010 with cameron
  • in 2015, they suffered many losses and became the 4th largest party
44
Q

2015 liberal democrats view on state

A
  • giving authorities more power to fight crime
  • defend civil liberties
  • oppose may’s snoopers charter (communications data bill) which allowed the monitoring of internet use
  • rehabilitation of prisoners and use of community service
  • elected second chamber
  • pr
  • devolution
45
Q

2015 liberal democrat’s view on economy

A
  • eliminate budget deficit
  • policy to increase personal tax allowance
  • borrow less than labour and cut less than tories
  • stressed environmental credentials with commitment to renewable energy and expansion of green investment bank
  • pledging to curb benefits to better off pensioners
  • increase funding of NHS
46
Q

2015 liberal democrats view on foreign policy

A
  • enthusiastic member of EU
  • supportive of NATO
  • wants to settle conflicts through UN
47
Q

define modern liberals

A

recognised inequalities in society due to free market capitalism so an active state was required for people to reach their full potential

48
Q

define classical or orange book liberals

A

wanted freedom of individual and of state

49
Q

modern liberal democrat’s view on state

A
  • cut greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2045
  • give everyone the right to see their GP within 7 days
  • reform NHS dentistry
  • banning conversion therapy
  • increase school funding per pupil above the rate of inflation each year
  • new skills wallet- adults get £10k to spend on education and training throughout their lives
  • PR
50
Q

modern liberal democrat’s view on economy

A
  • carer’s minimum wage
  • windfall tax on oil and gas companies
  • abolishing capital gains tax free allowance
  • reverse cuts for big banks
  • increase corporation tax from 17 to 20%
51
Q

modern liberal democrat’s view on foreign policy

A
  • support for UN and NATO
  • cancel cuts to army
  • champion for 2nd referendum
52
Q

define one party dominant system

A

number of parties but only one has a realistic prospect of holding power

53
Q

define two party system

A

two parties compete for power at elections and other parties have no real chance of breaking their monopoly

54
Q

define two and a half party system

A

two large parties are the main players but are challenged by the growth of a smaller third party

55
Q

define multi party system

A

number of parties contest to form a government coalition

56
Q

westminster party system

A
  • classic two party system between 1945-1974 where Labour and Conservatives won a combined 91% share of votes and 98% of seats
  • due to fptp
  • 2010 coalition was a two and a half party system as lib dem’s received 23% share of vote
  • 2015 back to two party as SNP took all but 3 seats in scotland
57
Q

devolved parties system

A
  • additional member system in scotland and wales
  • before 2007, scotland was in government for 8 years by labour-liberal coalition but now SNP and partly green are in government
  • in wales, labour are in government
  • in NI, they use single transferable vote so sinn fein and DUP make up first minister and deputy first minister respectively
58
Q

factors that affect party success and explanation

A
  • strength of party’s leadership- voters respond to charismatic leaders with clear sense of direction
  • extent the parties are untied or divided- divided parties do not perform well
  • role of media- reinforce general public’s impression of parties and their leaders
  • wider political context- brand fatigue and scandals
59
Q

examples of how strength of party’s leadership affect success

A
  • thatcher won 1979 election because she offered a tough response to the strikers
  • starmer is portrayed as indecisive- £28bn green policy u-turn, rochdale by election, viewpoint on Gaza conflict
  • blair and brown reforming labour party
60
Q

example of how whether parties are united or divided affect success

A
  • major suffered a loss because conservatives were incompetent and divided
  • sunak having a divided party which caused issues like Rwanda bill and the popular conservatives
  • eurosceptics under thatcher
61
Q

examples of role of media affecting success

A
  • televised in 2010 general election enhanced appeal of Clegg
  • murdoch empire switched to supporting Blair
62
Q

example of wider political context affecting party success

A
  • switch from major to blair as people wanted new party and leader
  • amount of scandal and sleaze e.g 1997 and 2010 elections
63
Q

european reform/research group

A
  • far right of party
  • telling Sunak to have a hardline approach to Rwanda
  • eurosceptics and hardline brexiteers
  • influential in May’s limited brexit compromises
  • Sir Jacob Rees-Mogg, Stella Braverman, Sir Bill Cash
64
Q

coronavirus recovery group

A
  • right, liberal side
  • led by former chief whip Mark Harper and former brexit minister Steve Baker
  • opposition to covid rules meant there were fewer restrictions and didn’t want second lockdown
65
Q

1922 committee

A
  • centre
  • backbench MPs
  • play important role in choosing party leader
  • chairman Sir Graham Brady
66
Q

northern reform group

A

-left
- prioritise investment in the North
- founded by tory MPs elected in red wall constituencies as well as Wales and Scotland
- immigration is seen as a major problem
- Sir Jake Berry, David Davies, Esther McVey

67
Q

one nation faction

A
  • centre right
  • chaired by Damian Green
  • unhappy that Rwanda hull broke international law
  • Gillian Keegan, Caroline Nokes, Amber Rudd
68
Q

new right faction

A
  • right
  • thatcherites
  • neo liberal and neo conservative
  • Iain Duncan Smith, David Davis, Priti Patel, Dominic Rabb
69
Q

momentum

A
  • left
  • founded by Jon Lansman
  • support Corbyn
  • socialist and anti racist progression
  • redistribute wealth, roll back on privatisation, equality, trade uniojs
70
Q

consensus

A
  • centre
  • combat factionalism and bring all wings of the party together
  • found in 2016
  • Stephen Kinnock, Angela Eagle, Seems Malhotra
71
Q

stop the war coalition

A
  • left
  • founded in 2001 in response to George W Bush “war on terror”
  • against Iraq war and Syria military action
  • Jeremy Corbyn, Andrew Murray, Lindsey German
  • against all military action
72
Q

national executive committee

A
  • centre
  • governing body of the labour party to set overall strategic direction
  • James Asher, Ellie Reeves, Angela Rayner
73
Q

conservative democratic organisation

A
  • right
  • aligned with Johnson
  • strengthen party democracy
  • critical of Sunaks dismissal of Braverman
  • wants to steer back to centre right
  • Peter Cruddas, Priti Patel, Nadine Dorries
74
Q

common sense group

A
  • far right
  • critical of Rwanda bill and wants it to be tougher
  • pushed hard on culture issues like phasing out on smoking and National Trust
  • Sir John Hayes, Stella Braverman, Lee Anderson
75
Q

new conservatives

A
  • right
  • 2019 intake and mainly red wall seats
  • radical measure to cut migration
  • return to 2019 manifesto- cut taxes, levelling up, banning gender ideology in schools
  • Lee Anderson, Danny Kruger, Miriam Cates, Anna Firth
76
Q

importance and impact of emerging policies

A
  • developed as UK turned from two party to two and a half party system
  • UKIP was major influence on EU referendum
  • some of these parties like DUP have had helped the government through confidence and supply
  • these parties usually govern the devolved assembly assemblies
  • green party has influenced other major parties to implement green policies too
77
Q

green party

A
  • carla denyer and adrian ramsey
  • centre left
  • evolved from party “PEOPLE” in 1973, then ecology party, and then green party
  • won its first seat in 2010 with Caroline lucas in brighton pavilion
  • concerned with environmental issues and reducing social inequality
78
Q

green party policies

A
  • wealth tax
  • nationalise water, railways and 5 big energy companies
  • 4 day working week
  • £15 minimum wage
  • end uni fees and abolish OFSTED
  • carbon tax
  • ceasefire in Gaza
  • cancel trident
79
Q

SNP

A
  • john swinney
  • centre left
  • founded in 1934
  • main purpose is to secure independence for Scotland from the UK
  • able to persuade Labour government in 1997 on devolution
  • scottish independence referendum in sep 2014 but wasn’t successful
  • in 2015, passing of english votes for english laws puts limits on all Scottish MPs in Westminster
80
Q

SNP policies

A
  • scottish independence
  • rejoin the EU
  • increase maternity pay
  • full devolution of tax powers
  • scrap two child cap
81
Q

UKIP

A
  • neil hamilton
  • radical right wing populist party
  • began as a nationalist party in 1991
  • associated with nigel farage
  • opposed britains member ship of the EU
  • in 2014, european elections, gained 24 MEPs
  • two MPs (douglas carswell and mark reckless) defected from conservatives to UKIP
  • 3.8m votes in 2015 but only 1 MP
82
Q

UKIP policies

A
  • “taking back control” from the EU- individual policies on trade from EU
  • restricting immigration- cap, points based system
  • support for grammar schools
  • scrap green taxes
  • increase spending on NHS, but migrants and visitors must have private health insurance
  • slash foreign aid budge, and focus on domestic purposes
83
Q

reform

A
  • leader Nigel Farage
  • formally brexit party
  • right wing populist party
  • currently rising in the polls
  • lee anderson defected to reform become first MP
84
Q

reform policies

A
  • freeze non essential immigration
  • reduce corporation tax to 15%
  • leave ECHR
  • NHS treatment voucher scheme
  • patriotic curriculum
85
Q

2024 lib dem’s view on state

A
  • free personal care for elderly and disabled
  • PR
  • focus on NHS
  • focus on UK’s sewage problem
86
Q

2024 lib dem’s view on economy

A
  • rejoin EU single market
  • higher salary for care workers
  • reform capital gains tax
87
Q

2024 lib dem’s view on foreign policy

A
  • scrap Rwanda bill
  • halt army cuts
  • maintain nuclear deterrent

Politics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions