parliament Flashcards
define legislature
the body that has the power to make, revoke and change laws (parliament)
define executive
the body that runs the country and proposes laws to the legislature (government)
define judiciary
body that interprets and applies the law (courts and justice system)
what makes up parliament
house of commons, house of lords, monarchy
who is the speaker
chair of the commons and runs the proceedings, who was previously an MP who was elected by fellow MPs and had to be impartial
what is a problem with the speaker
may show bias in choosing who speaks depending on their political views
what is the cabinet
governing party that have a main role
who are government ministers
junior ministers who work under the cabinet minister in a specific department
who are whips
an MP responsible for enforcing discipline on back benchers so they vote with their party
what is a whip
an email which shows the voting agenda for the week, with three line whips being the most important
define pairing whip
pair up with opposition when someone can’t attend so their votes get cancelled out
who are backbenchers
not part of government but are apart of governing party
who are cross benchers
lords with no party affiliation
who are Lord’s spiritual
church of england bishops in the HoL for moral and spiritual guidancr
who are life peers
appointed by PM and are lords for life
disadvantages of life peers
- might not like the job
- could only be involved when it suits them
- PM picks who they want to put in (based on loyalty)
define hereditary peers
lords who were born into the title so they can pass it down
disadvantages of hereditary peers
- come from wealthy background
- are unrepresentative
how many hereditary peers are there
the Lords act 1999 cur down to 91
what is the monarchy’s role
officially appoint a government by choosing a PM
what are the functions of parliament
passing legislation, scrutinising the executive, representing the electorate, providing ministers
features of passing legislation
- passing and amending laws
- both house review the laws the government wishes to pass
- commons are the only with “money” bills and can amend and veto legislation
- lords can only suggest amendments and delay them for a year
how is legislating effective
- allows MPs to vote and debate
- May government was defeated in Lords over 14 times in 2018 on EU bill
- May’s working majority was 13 so had to work hard to win over her MPs
- government doesn’t always get their way- like Cameron’s rules on referendum
- government were voted in so should have majority say
how is legislating not effective
- whips stop MPs expressing their honest opinions
- backbenchers can rarely defeat legislation
- mostly considers what the government wants to put forward
- government usually have majority and can pass what they want
features of scrutinising the executive
- holding the government to account
- minister have a duty to explain and defend their policies
- most departments are represented in Lords by junior ministers
- PMQs, select committees, legislative committee, no confidence vote
define select committee
backbenchers to scrutinise different departments
what are PMQs
direct questione towards PM
what are legislative committees
scrutinise bills and consider amendments
advantages of legislative committee
- public bill committee were strengthened in 2007