polisakaridoak Flashcards

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1
Q

ezaugarri orokor

A
  • polimero
  • hidrofobo/dispertsioak
  • no erreduzitu
  • ez kristal
  • ez gozoa
  • funtzioa : alfa = e erreserba / beta= egitura
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2
Q

homopolisakaridoak

A
  1. almidoi
  2. glukogeno
  3. zelulosa
  4. kitina
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3
Q

Heteropoli

A
  1. Agar agar
  2. Mureina
  3. Pektina
  4. Hemizelulosa
  5. Mukopolisakarido
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4
Q

heterosido

A
  1. glukolipido (neuronen mintzetan) (zerebrosido/gangliosido)
  2. glukoproteinak: (odol,hormona,mintz zelular)
    zati lipidiko / proteikoa
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5
Q

ALMIDOIA

A
  1. Landareen erreserba-polisakaridoa
  2. Landare zelulen amiloplastoetan
  3. . Batez ere hazietan, tuberkuluetan (zurtoin berezituak), sustraietan…
  4. 2 osagai amilosa eta amilopektina
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6
Q

AMILOSA

A

Glk(ɑ1-4)Glk
Almidoiaren%30
Helize itxurako kate kiribildua
Uretan disolbagarria

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7
Q

AMILOPEKTINA

A

Almidoiaren %70
Glk(ɑ1-4)Glk (katea) eta Glk(ɑ1-6)Glk (adarkadurak)
Adarrak 24-36 osa bakoitzetik behin

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8
Q

almidoiaren tindaketa

A
  • lugolaz tindatu ( laranja)
  • almidoi katean iodoa harrapatu = urdina
  • almidoia ez = laranja
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9
Q

GLUKOGENO

5

A
  • Animalia zelulen erreserba
  • gibelean eta giharretan kantitate
  • Glk(ɑ1→4)Glk katea eta (ɑ1→6) adarkadurak
  • adarrak 8-12 osa bakoitzeko.
  • Almidoia baino errazago hidrolizatu
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10
Q

ZELULOSA

A
  • ** Landare zelula-paretan
  • ** Uretan disolbaezina
  • ZELULASA ENZ hidrolizatu*
  • ADB ANIMALIETAN : belarjaleen bakterioak
  • Kate luzeen artean H loturak = egitura kristalino bereziak

ß-D-glukosaz osatuta: lotura ß(1→4) (adarkatu gabe)

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11
Q

zelulosaren egiturak

A
  • MIZELAK : 60 zelulosa kateko egitura
  • MIKROZUNTZA: 20 mizelako elkarketa
  • ZUNTZA TXIKIAK: 250 mikrozuntzen elkarketa
  • ZUNTZA: 1500 zuntz-txikien elkarketa
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12
Q

KITINA

A

N-azetil-D-glukosaminak ditu.
Lotura ß (1→4) kate luzea (adarkadurarik ez)
Artropodoen exoeskeletoa osatzen du

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13
Q

pektina

A
  • Azido galakturoniko + ramnosa
  • prop GEL/EMULSIO
  • ugaria fruitu
  • FUN = EGIT = horma zelularretan
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14
Q

agar agar

A
  • alga gorrietan
  • prop gelifikante
  • egitura fun
  • mikrobiologia / elikagai
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15
Q

hemizelulosa

A

Landareen horma zelularrean
Osagaiak: glukosa, galaktosa, fukosa

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16
Q

mureina

A
  • Bakterioen horma zelularrean => egitura funtzioa
  • Lisozima entzimek hidrolizatzen
  • gram +/- hauen arabera
17
Q

MUKOPOLISAKARIDOAK

A
  • Matrize extrazelularrean proteina fibrosoekin batera
  • Gehienek egitura funtzioa (animalietan)
  • Garrantzitsuenak:
    1. Azido hialuronikoa: ehun konjuntiboan
    2. Heparina: antikoagulatzailea
    3. Kondroitina: kartilago**