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BIO 1- ebal > ADN > Flashcards

ADN Flashcards

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1
Q

Watson eta Cricken eredua

9

A
  • 1.helize bikoitz destrogiro= 2 kate desoxirribonukleotidoz
  • 2.plektonemikoa
    1. 2 kateak HZ lotu antiparaleloki
  • 4.base nitrogenatuak perp / osagarriak = AT GC
    1. hidrofilo kanpo (desoxirribosa +az fosforiko)
    1. hidrofobo barne (base)
    1. 2 mutur : 5 (P free) eta 3 (OH free)
    1. 2 ildo txiki & handi
    1. DIMENTSIOAK : buelta helize; distantzia base artean;helizearen diametroa

ezaugarri azidoak p ren ionisazioagatik

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2
Q

helizearen buelta batek

A
  • 3,4 nm
  • 10 nukleotido pare
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3
Q

distantzia base nitro artean

A

0,34 nm

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4
Q

helize bikoitzaren diametroa

A

2nm

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5
Q

PROZESU KIMIKOAK

A
  1. desnaturalizazio/birnaturalizazio
  2. hibridazioa
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6
Q

desnaturalizazioa (bir)

A

E emanez = HZ apurtu = deskiribildu
Birnaturalizazioa = HZ eraketa = berkiribildu

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7
Q

HIBRIDAZIOA

A
  • 2 espezieen DNA KONPARATU
  • PROZESUA
    desnaturalizazio/birnaturalizazio teknikak
    ADN molek 1 = 2 kate
    (2x DNA molekulekin)
    biak elkartu = hibridatu = egitura bikatenarioa
    elkarketak = osagarritasuna dago= ahaidetasun filogenetiko (espezie artean)
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8
Q

prokarioto /mitokondrio/kloroplastoen adn paketatzea

A

ez paketatuta
DNA bere buruaren gainean kiribildu
zirkularra
kromosoma deitu
ez dira histonekin elkartzen / beste prote bai
PLASMIDO = DNA bakteriano txiki

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9
Q

ZELULA EUKARIOTOEN PAKETATZE MAILAK

A
  • kromatina : eu/hetero
    1. NUKLEOSOMA
    2. SOLENOIDE
  • kromosoma
    3. errosetak
    4. kromatidak
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10
Q

kromatina

A

adn + histona
nukleo interfasiko //aktibo
1. eukromatina: flojo =aktibo D=100 AMS
2. heterokromatina: trinko= inaktibo D =250-300 AMS

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11
Q

kromatina

nukleosoma

A

perlazko lepokoa
eukromatinak
+ oktamero = 8 histona ( 2x H2A/H2B/H3/H4) + H1
+ DNA kate = 10 nm ( inguratu 146 / artean 54)

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12
Q

kromatina

solenoide

A

nukleosoma zuntza kiribilduta
heterokromatina
D= 30 nm
6-8 nuk/bira

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13
Q

kromosomak

A

kromatina oso ondo paketatuta
nukleoa zatitzen denean agertu

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14
Q

kromosomak

errosetak

A

solenoidea tolestu = bukle
6 bukle + ALDAMIO prote = erroseta
**D= 300 nm **

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15
Q

kromatidak

A

erroseta kiribildu = espirala
30 espiral = erroseta espiral
espiral multzo = kromatida
D= 700 nm

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16
Q

DNAREN SEKUENTZIA kodetzaile / ez kodetzaileak

A

giza genomako DNA:
% 70 EZ KODE
% 30 KODETU
(%95 introi=ez gene + %5 exoi= gene)
ondorio : giza DNAREN 1,5-2 % soilik geneak

17
Q

introiak

A

exoi (gene) arteko zatiak = AA sekuentziarik ez dute kodetzen
inaktiboak = no prote sinthesis
zelula eukariotoen gehiengo material gene

BIO 1- ebal (22 decks)

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