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Pathophysiology > pneumonia > Flashcards

pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

where in the lungs does pneumonia attack?

A

alveoli

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2
Q

pneumonia may be developed by

A

fungus, bacteria, or viruses

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3
Q

most common causes of viral pneumonia

A

COVID-19, flu, RSV, HPIVS

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4
Q

most common causes of bacterial pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella

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5
Q

most common cause of fungal pneumonia

A

pneumocystis pneumonia, coccidioidomycosis (valley fever), histoplasmosis

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6
Q

most common cause of parasitic pneumonia

A

ascaris, toxoplasmosis

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7
Q

what is empiric treatment?

A

it means to predict the cause, treat, and adapt based on the client response or new information

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8
Q

how is bacterial pneumonia acquired?

A

-community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
-ventilator-acquired pneumonia VAP
-hospital-acquired pneumonia HAP
-aspiration pneumonia

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9
Q

viral pneumonia symptoms may start with

A

muscle aches, headache, nausea and vomiting, dry cough, weakness

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10
Q

pneumonia symptoms

A

cough(discolored sputum), shortness of breath, sharp pain at the site of inflammation, fever, chills, loss of energy or appetite, not feeling well (malaise)

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11
Q

pneumonia signs

A

decreased oxygen sat., fever, increased pule rate, increased BP, abnormal chest x-ray, abnormal lung sounds, lymph node enlargement

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12
Q

how is bacterial pneumonia tested?

A

taking a sample from sputum and growing in petri dish

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13
Q

how is viral pneumonia tested?

A

testing is limited to most common causes. PCR tests

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14
Q

how is fungal pneumonia tested?

A

measuring IgM and IgG

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15
Q

how is parasitic pneumonia tested?

A

rare and only tested once all other causes are ruled out. testing of blood, urine, sputum, and stool

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16
Q

treatment for pneumonia

A

-frequent deep breaths and coughin
-increase fluid intake
-meds: analgesics, antipyretics, antihistimine, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants

17
Q

advanced pneumonia treatment

A

-chest physiotherapy
-small volume nebulizer
-proning
-high-flow oxygen
-artificial ventilation
0extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

18
Q

pneumonia prevention

A

frequent hand washing, social distancing, vaccines, good air filtration, PPE

19
Q

who is at high risk for pneumonia

A

-65+
-declining or poor kidney function
-low BP(systolic below 90)
-tachypnea
-hypothermic
-abnormal heart rate (Below 50 or more than 100)
-needing assistance with breathing

20
Q

where does lobar pneumonia take place?

A

all of one or two lobes

21
Q

what causes lobar pneumonia?

A

streptcoccus pneumoniae

22
Q

what is the pathophysiology of lobar pneumonia?

A

-inflammation of alveolar wall and leakage of cells, fibrin, and fluid into alveoli causing consolidation
-pleura may be inflamed

23
Q

what is the onset of lobar pneumonia

A

sudden and acute

24
Q

what are the signs of lobar pneumonia?

A

-high fever
-chills
-productive cough with rusty sputum
-rales progressing to absence of breath sounds in affected lobes

25
Q

what is the distribution of bronchopneumonia?

A

scattered small patches

26
Q

what is the cause of bronchopneumonia

A

multiple bacteria

27
Q

what is the pathophysiology of bronchopneumonia

A

inflammations of purulent exudate in alveoli, often arising from prior pooled secretions of irritation

28
Q

what is the onset of broncho pneumonia

A

insidious

29
Q

what are the signs of bronchopneumonia

A

mild fever, productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum, and dyspnea

30
Q

what is the distribution of interstitial pneumonia(primary atypical pneumonia)

A

scattered small patches

31
Q

what is the cause of interstitial pneumonia

A

influenza virus
mycoplasma

32
Q

what is the pathophysiology of interstitial pneumonia

A

interstitial inflammation round alveoli, necrosis of bronchial epithelium that causes scarring of the tissue

33
Q

what is the onset of interstitial pneumonia

A

variable

34
Q

what are the signs of interstitial pneumonia

A

variable fever, headache, aching muscles, nonproductive hacking cough

Pathophysiology (20 decks)

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